lugubris
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Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the root of lūgeō (“mourn, lament”) via Proto-Italic *lougosris[1] or *leugosris,[2] built on a neuter s-stem noun *lougos/*leugos with change of sr→br (compare muliebris, fūnebris). Sen 2015 identifies the ending as the suffix *-lis, making the original formation *leug-os-lis, with subsequent dissimilation of l...l to l...r.[2] An alternative theory derives it from *lūge-blis, with the same dissimilation.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈluː.ɡu.bris/, [ˈɫ̪uːɡʊbrɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlu.ɡu.bris/, [ˈluːɡubris]
Adjective
[edit]lūgubris (neuter lūgubre, adverb lūgubrē or lūgubriter); third-declension two-termination adjective
- of or pertaining to mourning
- 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.3.44–45:
- Texentem tēlam studiōsē ipsam offendimus,
mediocriter vestītam veste lūgubrī […]- We found her studiously weaving at the loom,
modestly dressed in mourning clothes […]
- We found her studiously weaving at the loom,
- Texentem tēlam studiōsē ipsam offendimus,
- that causes mourning, disastrous; pitiable
- mournful, doleful, plaintive
- gloomy, sinister, mean
Declension
[edit]Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | lūgubris | lūgubre | lūgubrēs | lūgubria | |
| Genitive | lūgubris | lūgubrium | |||
| Dative | lūgubrī | lūgubribus | |||
| Accusative | lūgubrem | lūgubre | lūgubrēs lūgubrīs |
lūgubria | |
| Ablative | lūgubrī | lūgubribus | |||
| Vocative | lūgubris | lūgubre | lūgubrēs | lūgubria | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Catalan: lúgubre
- → English: lugubrious
- → French: lugubre
- Italian: lugubre
- → Portuguese: lúgubre
- → Romanian: lugubru
- → Spanish: lúgubre
- >? Portuguese: lôbrego
- >? Spanish: lóbrego
- →? Catalan: llòbrec
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūgeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ranjan Sen (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 91
Further reading
[edit]- “lugubris”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “lugubris”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- lugubris in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.