fortuna

See also: Fortuna

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fortūna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [furˈtu.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [foɾˈtu.na]
• Rhymes: -una

Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunes)

1. fortune, chance
2. fortune, riches

Derived terms

• per fortuna

 

Further reading

• “fortuna” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “fortuna” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “fortuna”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “fortuna” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Esperanto

Etymology

From fortuno (“fortune, luck”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [forˈtuna]
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: for‧tun‧a

Adjective

fortuna (accusative singular fortunan, plural fortunaj, accusative plural fortunajn)

1. fortunate

   Synonyms: bonŝanca (“lucky”), feliĉa (“happy, fortunate”)

Finnish

Etymology

From Italian fortuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfort(ː)u(ː)nɑ/, [ˈfo̞rt̪(ː)u(ː)nɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ortunɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): for‧tu‧na

Noun

fortuna

1. bagatelle, pin bagatelle (table game)

   Synonym: fortunapeli

Declension

Inflection of fortuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		fortuna	fortunat
genitive		fortunan	fortunoiden fortunoitten
partitive		fortunaa	fortunoita
illative		fortunaan	fortunoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		fortuna	fortunat
accusative	nom.	fortuna	fortunat
	gen.	fortunan
genitive		fortunan	fortunoiden fortunoitten fortunain rare
partitive		fortunaa	fortunoita
inessive		fortunassa	fortunoissa
elative		fortunasta	fortunoista
illative		fortunaan	fortunoihin
adessive		fortunalla	fortunoilla
ablative		fortunalta	fortunoilta
allative		fortunalle	fortunoille
essive		fortunana	fortunoina
translative		fortunaksi	fortunoiksi
abessive		fortunatta	fortunoitta
instructive		—	fortunoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of fortuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative fortunani fortunani accusative nom. fortunani fortunani gen. fortunani genitive fortunani fortunoideni fortunoitteni fortunaini rare partitive fortunaani fortunoitani inessive fortunassani fortunoissani elative fortunastani fortunoistani illative fortunaani fortunoihini adessive fortunallani fortunoillani ablative fortunaltani fortunoiltani allative fortunalleni fortunoilleni essive fortunanani fortunoinani translative fortunakseni fortunoikseni abessive fortunattani fortunoittani instructive — — comitative — fortunoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative fortunasi fortunasi accusative nom. fortunasi fortunasi gen. fortunasi genitive fortunasi fortunoidesi fortunoittesi fortunaisi rare partitive fortunaasi fortunoitasi inessive fortunassasi fortunoissasi elative fortunastasi fortunoistasi illative fortunaasi fortunoihisi adessive fortunallasi fortunoillasi ablative fortunaltasi fortunoiltasi allative fortunallesi fortunoillesi essive fortunanasi fortunoinasi translative fortunaksesi fortunoiksesi abessive fortunattasi fortunoittasi instructive — — comitative — fortunoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative fortunamme fortunamme accusative nom. fortunamme fortunamme gen. fortunamme genitive fortunamme fortunoidemme fortunoittemme fortunaimme rare partitive fortunaamme fortunoitamme inessive fortunassamme fortunoissamme elative fortunastamme fortunoistamme illative fortunaamme fortunoihimme adessive fortunallamme fortunoillamme ablative fortunaltamme fortunoiltamme allative fortunallemme fortunoillemme essive fortunanamme fortunoinamme translative fortunaksemme fortunoiksemme abessive fortunattamme fortunoittamme instructive — — comitative — fortunoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative fortunanne fortunanne accusative nom. fortunanne fortunanne gen. fortunanne genitive fortunanne fortunoidenne fortunoittenne fortunainne rare partitive fortunaanne fortunoitanne inessive fortunassanne fortunoissanne elative fortunastanne fortunoistanne illative fortunaanne fortunoihinne adessive fortunallanne fortunoillanne ablative fortunaltanne fortunoiltanne allative fortunallenne fortunoillenne essive fortunananne fortunoinanne translative fortunaksenne fortunoiksenne abessive fortunattanne fortunoittanne instructive — — comitative — fortunoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative fortunansa fortunansa accusative nom. fortunansa fortunansa gen. fortunansa genitive fortunansa fortunoidensa fortunoittensa fortunainsa rare partitive fortunaansa fortunoitaan fortunoitansa inessive fortunassaan fortunassansa fortunoissaan fortunoissansa elative fortunastaan fortunastansa fortunoistaan fortunoistansa illative fortunaansa fortunoihinsa adessive fortunallaan fortunallansa fortunoillaan fortunoillansa ablative fortunaltaan fortunaltansa fortunoiltaan fortunoiltansa allative fortunalleen fortunallensa fortunoilleen fortunoillensa essive fortunanaan fortunanansa fortunoinaan fortunoinansa translative fortunakseen fortunaksensa fortunoikseen fortunoiksensa abessive fortunattaan fortunattansa fortunoittaan fortunoittansa instructive — — comitative — fortunoineen fortunoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• fortunapeli
• sähköfortuna

 

Further reading

• “fortuna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Galician

Alternative forms

• fertuna

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [foɾˈtunɐ]

Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)

1. luck, fortune

   Synonym: sorte

2. fortune, wealth

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fortuna”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fortuna”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Italian

Etymology

From Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /forˈtu.na/
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: for‧tù‧na

Noun

fortuna f (plural fortune, diminutive fortunèlla, augmentative fortunóna, pejorative fortunàccia)

1. luck
2. fortune

Synonyms

• sorte
• ventura

Antonyms

• sfortuna

Related terms

• di fortuna
• fortunato
• fortunoso
• per fortuna

 

Descendants

• → Byzantine Greek: φορτούνα (phortoúna)
  • Greek: φουρτούνα (fourtoúna)

Further reading

• fortuna in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• fortuna in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
• fortuna in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
• fortuna in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
• fortùna in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
• fortuna in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
• fortuna in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Ladino

Etymology

Compare Ottoman Turkish فورطنه (furtuna, fırtuna, fırtına) and Romanian furtună.

Noun

fortuna f (Latin spelling)

1. squall, tempest, a storm with severe winds

   Ke la mar / Esta en fortuna / Mira ke te va yevar

   Because the sea / is under a storm / take heed so it doesn't drag you.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fortūnā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥-tew-n-éh₂. Substantivized feminine form of an unattested adjective *fortūnus, from the -tus-derivation *fortus to ferō, + -nus. Ultimately from *bʰer- (“bear, carry”).

For the meaning development compare with Russian везе́ние (vezénije, “luck, good luck”) related to везти́ (veztí, “to convey, to carry (by vehicle), to deliver, to transport”); furthermore cf. Ancient Greek ἡ συμφορά ("fortune, good luck, bad luck") and συμ-φέρω ("bear together; happen").

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /forˈtuː.na/, [fɔrˈt̪uːnä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /forˈtu.na/, [forˈt̪uːnä]

Noun

fortūna f (genitive fortūnae); first declension

1. fortune, luck
2. good fortune; misfortune (depending on context)
   • (Can we date this quote by Virgil and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?) Vergilius, Aeneis, Book V, line 710

     Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est.

     All misfortune is to be overcome by enduring.

   • (Can we date this quote by Virgil and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?) Vergilius, Aeneis, Book X, lines 42-43

     Speravimus ista, dum fortuna fuit.

     Such we hoped, while good fortune was.

3. destiny, fate

   Synonyms: fātum, sors, necessitās

4. prosperity
5. (in the plural) possessions
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.11:

     Quibus rebus adductus Caesar non expectandum sibi statuit dum, omnibus fortunis sociorum consumptis, in Santonos Helvetii pervenirent.

     Caesar, induced by these circumstances, decides that he ought not to wait until the Helvetii, after destroying all the property of his allies, should arrive among the Santones.

   Synonyms: bonum, rēs

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	fortūna	fortūnae
genitive	fortūnae	fortūnārum
dative	fortūnae	fortūnīs
accusative	fortūnam	fortūnās
ablative	fortūnā	fortūnīs
vocative	fortūna	fortūnae

Derived terms

• fortūnō

Related terms

• fors
• forsan
• forsit
• forsitan
• fortasse
• fortassis
• forte
• fortuītō
• fortuītus

 

Descendants

Descendants

• Aromanian: furtunã
• Italian: fortuna
  • → Byzantine Greek: φορτούνα (phortoúna)
    • Greek: φουρτούνα (fourtoúna)
• Piedmontese: fortun-a
• Romanian: furtună
• Sicilian: furtuna
• → Albanian: furtunë
• → Catalan: fortuna
• → Occitan: fortuna
• → Old French: fortune
  • Middle French: fortune
    • → Dutch: fortuin
    • French: fortune
  • → Middle English: fortune
    • English: fortune
      • → Welsh: ffortiwn
    • Scots: fortuin
  • → Middle Irish: fortún
    • Irish: fortún
    • Scottish Gaelic: fortan
• → Polish: fortuna
• → Portuguese: fortuna
• → Romansch: fortuna
• → Russian: фортуна (fortuna)
• → Spanish: fortuna

References

• “fortuna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fortuna”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fortuna in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• fortuna in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the position of the lower classes: condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis
    
  • to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti
    
  • to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    
  • to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunam fautricem nancisci
    
  • Fortune makes men shortsighted, infatuates them: fortuna caecos homines efficit, animos occaecat
    
  • to try one's luck: fortunam tentare, experiri
    
  • to run a risk; to tempt Providence: fortunam periclitari (periculum facere)
    
  • to trust to luck: fortunae se committere
    
  • to have success in one's grasp: fortunam in manibus habere
    
  • to let success slip through one's fingers: fortunam ex manibus dimittere
    
  • luck is changing, waning: fortuna commutatur, se inclinat
    
  • the plaything of Fortune: ludibrium fortunae
    
  • Fortune's favourite: is, quem fortuna complexa est
    
  • to be abandoned by good luck: a fortuna desertum, derelictum esse
    
  • Fortune exalts a man, makes him conspicuous: fortuna aliquem effert
    
  • misfortune, adversity: fortuna adversa
    
  • to struggle with adversity: conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna
    
  • the vicissitudes of fortune: fortunae vicissitudines
    
  • to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career: varia fortuna uti
    
  • to be exposed to the assaults of fate: fortunae telis propositum esse
    
  • to be abandoned to fate: fortunae obiectum esse
    
  • to be a victim of the malice of Fortune: ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse
    
  • to acquiesce in one's fate: fortunae cedere
    
  • to be in the enjoyment of a large fortune: fortunis maximis ornatum esse
    
  • I am discontented with my lot: fortunae meae me paenitet
    
  • to drive a person out of house and home: exturbare aliquem omnibus fortunis, e possessionibus
    
  • to drive a person out of house and home: evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis
    
  • to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere: sedem ac domicilium (fortunas suas) constituere alicubi
    
  • a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
    
• “fortuna”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “fortuna”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929) Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
• “fortuna”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin fortuna.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)

1. fortune, luck

   Synonyms: sòrt, azard

2. fortune, riches

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fortūna.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /fɔrˈtu.na/

• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): /fɔrˈtu.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: for‧tu‧na

Noun

fortuna f (diminutive fortunka)

1. fortune (favorable destiny)
2. fortune (lots of riches)
3. (Far Masovian) estate (owned land; property)

   Sprzedajta mi swoje fortune. ― Sell me your estate.

Declension

Declension of fortuna

	singular	plural
nominative	fortuna	fortuny
genitive	fortuny	fortun
dative	fortunie	fortunom
accusative	fortunę	fortuny
instrumental	fortuną	fortunami
locative	fortunie	fortunach
vocative	fortuno	fortuny

Derived terms

adjective

• fortunny

 

Related terms

adverb

• fortunnie

 

noun

• fortunność

 

Further reading

• fortuna in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• fortuna in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “fortuna”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 107

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /foʁˈtũ.nɐ/ [fohˈtũ.nɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /foʁˈtũ.nɐ/ [fohˈtũ.nɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /foɾˈtũ.nɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /foʁˈtũ.nɐ/ [foχˈtũ.nɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /foɻˈtu.na/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuɾˈtu.nɐ/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -ũnɐ, (Portugal) -unɐ
• Hyphenation: for‧tu‧na

Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)

1. fortune (destiny)

   Synonyms: destino, sina

2. fortune (good luck)

   Synonyms: fortúnio, sorte

3. fortune (lots of riches)

Further reading

• “fortuna”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
• “fortuna”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
• “fortuna” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “fortuna”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “fortuna”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “fortuna”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /foɾˈtuna/ [foɾˈt̪u.na]
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: for‧tu‧na

Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)

1. fortune

   Synonyms: prosperidad, riqueza

2. fortune, prophecy, reading
3. wealth

   Synonym: patrimonio

4. luck

   Synonyms: suerte, dicha

Derived terms

• afortunado
• bienes de fortuna
• caballero de fortuna
• cazafortunas
• galleta de la fortuna
• golpe de fortuna
• lance de fortuna
• por fortuna
• rueda de la fortuna
• tiempo de fortuna

 

Further reading

• “fortuna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28