ardeo

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ardea.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [arˈdeo]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eo
• Hyphenation: ar‧de‧o

Noun

ardeo (accusative singular ardeon, plural ardeoj, accusative plural ardeojn)

1. heron

Latin

Etymology

From ār(i)dus +‎ -eō. Cf. audeō < avidus. For the supine ārsum compare also audeō : ausum and gaudeō : gavīsum, in which the i was retained.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaːr.de.oː/, [ˈäːrd̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.de.o/, [ˈärd̪eo]

Verb

ārdeō (present infinitive ārdēre, perfect active ārsī, supine ārsum); second conjugation

1. to burn (be consumed by fire)

   Synonyms: ūror, cōnflagrō, flagrō, īnflammō, flammō, incendō, accendō, cremō, adoleō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 22.1.8–9:

     Augēbant metum prōdigia ex plūribus simul locīs nūntiāta: […] et Praeneste ārdentēs lapidēs caelō cecidisse, […]

     Prodigies from various places announced at the same time increased fear: […] and at Praeneste burning rocks fell from the sky, […]

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.3.2:

     Apparuitque eī Dominus in flammā ignis dē mediō rubī et vidēbat quod rubus ārdēret et nōn conbūrerētur.

     The Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the middle of a bramble bush, and he saw that the bush was burning and not being consumed.

2. (of eyes) to glow
   • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.62:

     Ārdent oculī.

     His eyes are glowing.

3. (poetic) to glisten with a feature, usually with a colour
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.259–264:

     Ut prīmum ālātīs tetigit māgālia plantīs,
     Aenēān fundantem arcēs ac tēcta novantem
     cōnspicit. Atque illī stēllātus iaspide fulvā
     ēnsis erat, Tyriōque ārdēbat mūrice laena
     dēmissa ex umerīs, dīvēs quae mūnera Dīdō
     fēcerat, et tenuī tēlās discrēverat aurō.

     As soon as he reached the huts with winged heels,
     Aeneas founding towers and making new houses
     he watched. And his sword was
     starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak glistened with Tyrian purple,
     hung from his shoulder, all gifts which the rich Dido
     had made, and had interwoven the web with thread of gold.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 11.601–602:

     […] Tum lātē ferreus hastīs
     horret ager campīque armīs sublīmibus ārdent.

     Then, the iron plain
     shivers far and wide with iron, and the fields glisten with raised weapons.

4. (figurative) to burn, be strongly affected with an emotion (not always specified; when it is, most often in the ablative, but also with ad or in)
   • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 3.2.12:

     Mē miserum! vix sum compos animī, ita ārdeō īrācundiā.

     Woe is me! I hardly am in control of my soul, so much I burn with anger.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 12.1–4:

     Turnus ut īnfrāctōs adversō Mārte Latīnōs
     dēfēcisse videt, sua nunc prōmissa reposcī,
     sē sīgnārī oculīs, ultrō implācābilis ārdet
     attollitque animōs.

     As Turnus sees the Latins crushed with Mars turned against them
     having gotten disheartened, his pledge called back,
     and himself the mark of every eye, burns moreover implacable
     and raises his courage.

5. (figurative) to be eager
6. (figurative) to be ardently or fervently in love, to burn with (especially romantic) desire

   Synonym: adamō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.545–546:

     ārserat Aenēae Dīdō miserābilis igne,
     ārserat exstructīs in sua fāta rogīs

     Wretched Dido, she had been burned with her fire for Aeneas;
     she had been burned on a funeral pyre built for her own death.
     (In a mere two lines, Ovid vividly summarizes the tragedy of Dido by contrasting two different meanings for the word ārserat.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ārdeō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ārdeō	ārdēs	ārdet	ārdēmus	ārdētis	ārdent
	imperfect	ārdēbam	ārdēbās	ārdēbat	ārdēbāmus	ārdēbātis	ārdēbant
	future	ārdēbō	ārdēbis	ārdēbit	ārdēbimus	ārdēbitis	ārdēbunt
	perfect	ārsī	ārsistī	ārsit	ārsimus	ārsistis	ārsērunt, ārsēre
	pluperfect	ārseram	ārserās	ārserat	ārserāmus	ārserātis	ārserant
	future perfect	ārserō	ārseris	ārserit	ārserimus	ārseritis	ārserint
passive	present	ārdeor	ārdēris, ārdēre	ārdētur	ārdēmur	ārdēminī	ārdentur
	imperfect	ārdēbar	ārdēbāris, ārdēbāre	ārdēbātur	ārdēbāmur	ārdēbāminī	ārdēbantur
	future	ārdēbor	ārdēberis, ārdēbere	ārdēbitur	ārdēbimur	ārdēbiminī	ārdēbuntur
	perfect	ārsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	ārsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	ārsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ārdeam	ārdeās	ārdeat	ārdeāmus	ārdeātis	ārdeant
	imperfect	ārdērem	ārdērēs	ārdēret	ārdērēmus	ārdērētis	ārdērent
	perfect	ārserim	ārserīs	ārserit	ārserīmus	ārserītis	ārserint
	pluperfect	ārsissem	ārsissēs	ārsisset	ārsissēmus	ārsissētis	ārsissent
passive	present	ārdear	ārdeāris, ārdeāre	ārdeātur	ārdeāmur	ārdeāminī	ārdeantur
	imperfect	ārdērer	ārdērēris, ārdērēre	ārdērētur	ārdērēmur	ārdērēminī	ārdērentur
	perfect	ārsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	ārsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	ārdē	—	—	ārdēte	—
	future	—	ārdētō	ārdētō	—	ārdētōte	ārdentō
passive	present	—	ārdēre	—	—	ārdēminī	—
	future	—	ārdētor	ārdētor	—	—	ārdentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		ārdēre	ārsisse	ārsūrum esse	ārdērī	ārsum esse	ārsum īrī
participles		ārdēns	—	ārsūrus	—	ārsus	ārdendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		ārdendī	ārdendō	ārdendum	ārdendō	ārsum	ārsū

Derived terms

• ārdēns
• ārdēscō
• *ārdibundus
• ārdifētus
• ārdor
• ārsūra
• ārsus
• assō
• exārdeō
• perārdeō

 

Descendants

• Dalmatian:
  • ardar
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: ardoir, ardeir
    • Middle French: ardoir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: arder
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: arder
    • Galician: arder
    • Portuguese: arder
  • Spanish: arder

Reflexes of an assumed variant *ārdĕre:

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: ardu
  • Megleno-Romanian: ardu
  • Romanian: arde
  • Istro-Romanian: årde
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: ardere
  • Sicilian: àrdiri
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: ardi
  • Romansch: arder
  • Venetan: àrdar
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Catalan: ardre
  • Old French: ardre
    • Middle French: ardre
      • French: ardre
    • → English: arson
  • Old Occitan: ardre
    • Occitan: ardre

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ardēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 25: Refonte Apaideutos–Azymus, page 146

Further reading

• “ardeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ardeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ardeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be on fire, in flames: incendio flagrare, or simply conflagrare, ardere (Liv. 30. 7)
    
  • the sun burns, scorches: sol ardet, urit
    
  • to feel acute pain: doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli
    
  • to be fired with love: amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere
    
  • to have enthusiasm for a person or thing: studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • to be consumed with hatred: odio or invidia alicuius ardere
    
  • to be fired with rage: ira ardere (Flacc. 35. 88)
    
  • to have an ardent longing for a thing: cupiditate alicuius rei ardere, flagrare
    
  • everywhere the torch of war is flaming: omnia bello flagrant or ardent (Fam. 4. 1. 2)
    
• ardeo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016