-uma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "uma"

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-udak, from Proto-Uralic *-w-. Cognate with Finnish -ua.

Verb

-uma (da-infinitive -uda)

1. Derives various verbs.

Inflection

Conjugation of -uma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-un	ei -u	1st sing.	olen -unud	ei ole -unud pole -unud
2nd sing.	-ud		2nd sing.	oled -unud
3rd sing.	-ub		3rd sing.	on -unud
1st plur.	-ume		1st plur.	oleme -unud
2nd plur.	-ute		2nd plur.	olete -unud
3rd plur.	-uvad		3rd plur.	on -unud
impersonal	-utakse	ei -uta	impersonal	on -utud	ei ole -utud pole -utud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-usin	ei -unud	1st sing.	olin -unud	ei olnud -unud polnud -unud
2nd sing.	-usid		2nd sing.	olid -unud
3rd sing.	-us		3rd sing.	oli -unud
1st plur.	-usime		1st plur.	olime -unud
2nd plur.	-usite		2nd plur.	olite -unud
3rd plur.	-usid		3rd plur.	oli -unud
impersonal	-uti	ei -utud	impersonal	oli -utud	ei olnud -utud polnud -utud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-uksin	ei -uks	1st sing.	-unuksin oleksin -unud	ei -unuks ei oleks -unud poleks -unud
2nd sing.	-uksid		2nd sing.	-unuksid oleksid -unud
3rd sing.	-uks		3rd sing.	-unuks oleks -unud
1st plur.	-uksime		1st plur.	-unuksime oleksime -unud
2nd plur.	-uksite		2nd plur.	-unuksite oleksite -unud
3rd plur.	-uksid		3rd plur.	-unuksid oleksid -unud
impersonal	-utaks	ei -utaks	impersonal	oleks -utud	ei oleks -utud poleks -utud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	-u	ära -u	2nd sing.	ole -unud	ära ole -unud
3rd sing.	-ugu	ärgu -ugu	3rd sing.	olgu -unud	ärgu olgu -unud
1st plur.	-ugem	ärme -ume ärme -u ärgem -ugem	1st plur.	olgem -unud	ärme oleme -unud ärme ole -unud ärgem olgem -unud
2nd plur.	-uge	ärge -uge	2nd plur.	olge -unud	ärge olge -unud
3rd plur.	-ugu	ärgu -ugu	3rd plur.	olgu -unud	ärgu olgu -unud
impersonal	-utagu	ärgu -utagu	impersonal	olgu -utud	ärgu olgu -utud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	-uvat	ei -uvat	active	olevat -unud	ei olevat -unud polevat -unud
passive	-utavat	ei -utavat	passive	olevat -utud	ei olevat -utud polevat -utud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	-uma	-utama	nominative	-uda	olla -unud
illative		—	inessive	-udes	olles -unud
inessive	-umas		participle	active	passive
elative	-umast		present	-uv	-utav
translative	-umaks		past	-unud	-utud
abessive	-umata		negative	-umatu	—

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -uma

Finnish

Etymology

Either from -ua +‎ -ma or extracted from such instances. Could also be a contraction of -utuma, from -utua + -ma.

Suffix

-uma (front vowel harmony variant -ymä, linguistic notation -UmA)

1. Variant of -ma; forms passive action/result nouns from verbs and sometimes nouns.

Declension

Inflection of -uma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-uma	-umat
genitive		-uman	-umien
partitive		-umaa	-umia
illative		-umaan	-umiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-uma	-umat
accusative	nom.	-uma	-umat
	gen.	-uman
genitive		-uman	-umien -umain rare
partitive		-umaa	-umia
inessive		-umassa	-umissa
elative		-umasta	-umista
illative		-umaan	-umiin
adessive		-umalla	-umilla
ablative		-umalta	-umilta
allative		-umalle	-umille
essive		-umana	-umina
translative		-umaksi	-umiksi
abessive		-umatta	-umitta
instructive		—	-umin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -uma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -umani -umani accusative nom. -umani -umani gen. -umani genitive -umani -umieni -umaini rare partitive -umaani -umiani inessive -umassani -umissani elative -umastani -umistani illative -umaani -umiini adessive -umallani -umillani ablative -umaltani -umiltani allative -umalleni -umilleni essive -umanani -uminani translative -umakseni -umikseni abessive -umattani -umittani instructive — — comitative — -umineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -umasi -umasi accusative nom. -umasi -umasi gen. -umasi genitive -umasi -umiesi -umaisi rare partitive -umaasi -umiasi inessive -umassasi -umissasi elative -umastasi -umistasi illative -umaasi -umiisi adessive -umallasi -umillasi ablative -umaltasi -umiltasi allative -umallesi -umillesi essive -umanasi -uminasi translative -umaksesi -umiksesi abessive -umattasi -umittasi instructive — — comitative — -uminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -umamme -umamme accusative nom. -umamme -umamme gen. -umamme genitive -umamme -umiemme -umaimme rare partitive -umaamme -umiamme inessive -umassamme -umissamme elative -umastamme -umistamme illative -umaamme -umiimme adessive -umallamme -umillamme ablative -umaltamme -umiltamme allative -umallemme -umillemme essive -umanamme -uminamme translative -umaksemme -umiksemme abessive -umattamme -umittamme instructive — — comitative — -uminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -umanne -umanne accusative nom. -umanne -umanne gen. -umanne genitive -umanne -umienne -umainne rare partitive -umaanne -umianne inessive -umassanne -umissanne elative -umastanne -umistanne illative -umaanne -umiinne adessive -umallanne -umillanne ablative -umaltanne -umiltanne allative -umallenne -umillenne essive -umananne -uminanne translative -umaksenne -umiksenne abessive -umattanne -umittanne instructive — — comitative — -uminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -umansa -umansa accusative nom. -umansa -umansa gen. -umansa genitive -umansa -umiensa -umainsa rare partitive -umaansa -umiaan -umiansa inessive -umassaan -umassansa -umissaan -umissansa elative -umastaan -umastansa -umistaan -umistansa illative -umaansa -umiinsa adessive -umallaan -umallansa -umillaan -umillansa ablative -umaltaan -umaltansa -umiltaan -umiltansa allative -umalleen -umallensa -umilleen -umillensa essive -umanaan -umanansa -uminaan -uminansa translative -umakseen -umaksensa -umikseen -umiksensa abessive -umattaan -umattansa -umittaan -umittansa instructive — — comitative — -umineen -uminensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -uma

Anagrams

• mau, mua

Gothic

Romanization

-uma

1. Romanization of -𐌿𐌼𐌰

Old English

Alternative forms

• -ema, -ma
• -emest, -emesta (when combined with additional superlative endings)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-umô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /u.mɑ/

Suffix

-uma

1. used to form the superlative of Old English adjectives

   medema, meduma ― midway in size, midmost

   hindema ― hindmost, last

   forma ― first, earliest

2. used in combination with other superlative endings

   furmesta ― foremost

   æftemest ― aftermost

   ēastemest ― easternmost

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -uma

Descendants

• English: -most (from -emest(a))