-utua
See also: utua
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]-ua (passive suffix) + -tua. Verbs such as sekau(d)a ~ sekauta can be found in some dialects.[1] Traditionally an eastern dialectal form, while western dialects preferred -Vntua. The denominal suffix may be partially from -uus, -us (suffix forming nouns from adjectives, stem -(u)ut(e)) + -ua, but is likely just transferred from the deverbal suffix.
Suffix
[edit]-utua (front vowel harmony variant -ytyä, stem -utu-, linguistic notation -UtU- or -UtUA)
- (deverbative) Forms reflexive or translative intransitive verbs.
- (denominal) Forms translative verbs from nouns and adjectives.
- apeutua ― to become depressed
- rantautua ― to go ashore
Usage notes
[edit]Used on verbs ending in vowel + -a/-ä, vowel + -ta/-tä, or on nouns.
Conjugation
[edit]| Inflection of -utua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -udun | en -udu | 1st sing. | olen -utunut | en ole -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -udut | et -udu | 2nd sing. | olet -utunut | et ole -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -utuu | ei -udu | 3rd sing. | on -utunut | ei ole -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -udumme | emme -udu | 1st plur. | olemme -utuneet | emme ole -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -udutte | ette -udu | 2nd plur. | olette -utuneet | ette ole -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -utuvat | eivät -udu | 3rd plur. | ovat -utuneet | eivät ole -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -udutaan | ei -uduta | passive | on -uduttu | ei ole -uduttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -uduin | en -utunut | 1st sing. | olin -utunut | en ollut -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -uduit | et -utunut | 2nd sing. | olit -utunut | et ollut -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -utui | ei -utunut | 3rd sing. | oli -utunut | ei ollut -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -uduimme | emme -utuneet | 1st plur. | olimme -utuneet | emme olleet -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -uduitte | ette -utuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte -utuneet | ette olleet -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -utuivat | eivät -utuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat -utuneet | eivät olleet -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -uduttiin | ei -uduttu | passive | oli -uduttu | ei ollut -uduttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -utuisin | en -utuisi | 1st sing. | olisin -utunut | en olisi -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -utuisit | et -utuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -utunut | et olisi -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -utuisi | ei -utuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -utunut | ei olisi -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -utuisimme | emme -utuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -utuneet | emme olisi -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -utuisitte | ette -utuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -utuneet | ette olisi -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -utuisivat | eivät -utuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -utuneet | eivät olisi -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -uduttaisiin | ei -uduttaisi | passive | olisi -uduttu | ei olisi -uduttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -udu | älä -udu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -utukoon | älköön -utuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -utunut | älköön olko -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -utukaamme | älkäämme -utuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -utukaa | älkää -utuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -utukoot | älkööt -utuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -utuneet | älkööt olko -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -uduttakoon | älköön -uduttako | passive | olkoon -uduttu | älköön olko -uduttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -utunen | en -utune | 1st sing. | lienen -utunut | en liene -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -utunet | et -utune | 2nd sing. | lienet -utunut | et liene -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -utunee | ei -utune | 3rd sing. | lienee -utunut | ei liene -utunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -utunemme | emme -utune | 1st plur. | lienemme -utuneet | emme liene -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -utunette | ette -utune | 2nd plur. | lienette -utuneet | ette liene -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -utunevat | eivät -utune | 3rd plur. | lienevät -utuneet | eivät liene -utuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -uduttaneen | ei -uduttane | passive | lienee -uduttu | ei liene -uduttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | -utua | present | -utuva | -uduttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | -utunut | -uduttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | -utuessa | -uduttaessa | agent4 | -utuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -utumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -utuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | -utumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | -utumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | -utumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | -utumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | -utumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -utuman | -uduttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | -utuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.