hukkuma
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *hukkudak. Equivalent to hukk + -uma. Cognate with Finnish and Ingrian hukkua.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]hukkuma (da-infinitive hukkuda)
- (intransitive) to die (in an accident or due to violence)
- Laevaõnnetuses hukkus sadu inimesi.
- Hundreds of people died in the ship accident.
- (intransitive) to be destroyed
- Kogu saak hukkus.
- The whole crop was destroyed.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of hukkuma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hukkun | ei hukku | 1st sing. | olen hukkunud | ei ole hukkunud pole hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukkud | 2nd sing. | oled hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkub | 3rd sing. | on hukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkume | 1st plur. | oleme hukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkute | 2nd plur. | olete hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkuvad | 3rd plur. | on hukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | hukkutakse | ei hukkuta | impersonal | on hukkutud | ei ole hukkutud pole hukkutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hukkusin | ei hukkunud | 1st sing. | olin hukkunud | ei olnud hukkunud polnud hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukkusid | 2nd sing. | olid hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkus | 3rd sing. | oli hukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkusime | 1st plur. | olime hukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkusite | 2nd plur. | olite hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkusid | 3rd plur. | oli hukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | hukkuti | ei hukkutud | impersonal | oli hukkutud | ei olnud hukkutud polnud hukkutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hukkuksin | ei hukkuks | 1st sing. | hukkunuksin oleksin hukkunud |
ei hukkunuks ei oleks hukkunud poleks hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukkuksid | 2nd sing. | hukkunuksid oleksid hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkuks | 3rd sing. | hukkunuks oleks hukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkuksime | 1st plur. | hukkunuksime oleksime hukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkuksite | 2nd plur. | hukkunuksite oleksite hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkuksid | 3rd plur. | hukkunuksid oleksid hukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | hukkutaks | ei hukkutaks | impersonal | oleks hukkutud | ei oleks hukkutud poleks hukkutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukku | ära hukku | 2nd sing. | ole hukkunud | ära ole hukkunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkugu | ärgu hukkugu | 3rd sing. | olgu hukkunud | ärgu olgu hukkunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | hukkugem | ärme hukkume ärme hukku ärgem hukkugem |
1st plur. | olgem hukkunud | ärme oleme hukkunud ärme ole hukkunud ärgem olgem hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkuge | ärge hukkuge | 2nd plur. | olge hukkunud | ärge olge hukkunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkugu | ärgu hukkugu | 3rd plur. | olgu hukkunud | ärgu olgu hukkunud | ||||
| impersonal | hukkutagu | ärgu hukkutagu | impersonal | olgu hukkutud | ärgu olgu hukkutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | hukkuvat | ei hukkuvat | active | olevat hukkunud | ei olevat hukkunud polevat hukkunud | ||||
| passive | hukkutavat | ei hukkutavat | passive | olevat hukkutud | ei olevat hukkutud polevat hukkutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | hukkuma | hukkutama | nominative | hukkuda | olla hukkunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | hukkudes | olles hukkunud | |||||
| inessive | hukkumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | hukkumast | present | hukkuv | hukkutav | |||||
| translative | hukkumaks | past | hukkunud | hukkutud | |||||
| abessive | hukkumata | negative | hukkumatu | — | |||||
Conjugation of hukkuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, kk-k gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hukun | ei huku | 1st sing. | olen hukkunud | ei ole hukkunud pole hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukud | 2nd sing. | oled hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukub | 3rd sing. | on hukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hukume | 1st plur. | oleme hukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukute | 2nd plur. | olete hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukuvad | 3rd plur. | on hukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | hukutakse | ei hukuta | impersonal | on hukutud | ei ole hukutud pole hukutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hukkusin | ei hukkunud | 1st sing. | olin hukkunud | ei olnud hukkunud polnud hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukkusid | 2nd sing. | olid hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkus | 3rd sing. | oli hukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hukkusime | 1st plur. | olime hukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkusite | 2nd plur. | olite hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkusid | 3rd plur. | oli hukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | hukuti | ei hukutud | impersonal | oli hukutud | ei olnud hukutud polnud hukutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hukuksin | ei hukuks | 1st sing. | hukkunuksin oleksin hukkunud |
ei hukkunuks ei oleks hukkunud poleks hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hukuksid | 2nd sing. | hukkunuksid oleksid hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hukuks | 3rd sing. | hukkunuks oleks hukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hukuksime | 1st plur. | hukkunuksime oleksime hukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hukuksite | 2nd plur. | hukkunuksite oleksite hukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hukuksid | 3rd plur. | hukkunuksid oleksid hukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | hukutaks | ei hukutaks | impersonal | oleks hukutud | ei oleks hukutud poleks hukutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | huku | ära huku | 2nd sing. | ole hukkunud | ära ole hukkunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | hukkugu | ärgu hukkugu | 3rd sing. | olgu hukkunud | ärgu olgu hukkunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | hukkugem | ärme hukume ärme huku ärgem hukkugem |
1st plur. | olgem hukkunud | ärme oleme hukkunud ärme ole hukkunud ärgem olgem hukkunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | hukkuge | ärge hukkuge | 2nd plur. | olge hukkunud | ärge olge hukkunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | hukkugu | ärgu hukkugu | 3rd plur. | olgu hukkunud | ärgu olgu hukkunud | ||||
| impersonal | hukutagu | ärgu hukutagu | impersonal | olgu hukutud | ärgu olgu hukutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | hukkuvat | ei hukkuvat | active | olevat hukkunud | ei olevat hukkunud polevat hukkunud | ||||
| passive | hukutavat | ei hukutavat | passive | olevat hukutud | ei olevat hukutud polevat hukutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | hukkuma | hukutama | nominative | hukkuda | olla hukkunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | hukkudes | olles hukkunud | |||||
| inessive | hukkumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | hukkumast | present | hukkuv | hukutav | |||||
| translative | hukkumaks | past | hukkunud | hukutud | |||||
| abessive | hukkumata | negative | hukkumatu | — | |||||
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms suffixed with -uma
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Estonian/ukːumɑ
- Rhymes:Estonian/ukːumɑ/3 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian verbs
- Estonian intransitive verbs
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- Estonian elama-type verbs
- Estonian õppima-type verbs