-askodik
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -as (adjective-forming suffix) + -kodik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-askodik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to create an intransitive verb to express that someone behaves or acts like the base word. The verbs often have a pejorative meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- katona (“soldier”) + -skodik → katonáskodik (“to soldier, to serve in the army as a soldier”)
- -skedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- hülye (“idiot”) + -skedik → hülyéskedik (“to act foolishly”)
- -sködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -askodik is added to some back-vowel words
- hatalom (“power”) + -askodik → hatalmaskodik (“to domineer”)
- -oskodik is added to some back-vowel words
- rab (“captive”) + -oskodik → raboskodik (“to live in captivity”)
- -ösködik is added to some rounded front-vowel words
- főnök (“boss”) + -ösködik → főnökösködik (“to be bossy, to behave like a boss; to work as a boss”)
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -askodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -askodok | -askodsz | -askodik | -askodunk | -askodtok | -askodnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -askodtam | -askodtál | -askodott | -askodtunk | -askodtatok | -askodtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -askodni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -askodék | -askodál | -askoda | -askodánk | -askodátok | -askodának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -askodik vala, -askodott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -askodandok | -askodandasz | -askodand | -askodandunk | -askodandotok | -askodandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -askodnék | -askodnál | -askodna | -askodnánk | -askodnátok | -askodnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -askodott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -askodjak | -askodj or -askodjál |
-askodjon | -askodjunk | -askodjatok | -askodjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -askodott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -askodni | -askodnom | -askodnod | -askodnia | -askodnunk | -askodnotok | -askodniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -askodás | -askodó | -askodott | ― | -askodva (-askodván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -askodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -askodhatok | -askodhatsz | -askodhat | -askodhatunk | -askodhattok | -askodhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -askodhattam | -askodhattál | -askodhatott | -askodhattunk | -askodhattatok | -askodhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -askodhaték | -askodhatál | -askodhata | -askodhatánk | -askodhatátok | -askodhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -askodhat vala, -askodhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -askodhatandok or -askodandhatok |
-askodhatandasz or -askodandhatsz |
-askodhatand or -askodandhat |
-askodhatandunk or -askodandhatunk |
-askodhatandotok or -askodandhattok |
-askodhatandanak or -askodandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -askodhatnék | -askodhatnál | -askodhatna | -askodhatnánk | -askodhatnátok | -askodhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -askodhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -askodhassak | -askodhass or -askodhassál |
-askodhasson | -askodhassunk | -askodhassatok | -askodhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -askodhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-askodhatni) | (-askodhatnom) | (-askodhatnod) | (-askodhatnia) | (-askodhatnunk) | (-askodhatnotok) | (-askodhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-askodhatva / -askodhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -askodik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)