-ösködik
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -ös (adjective-forming suffix) + -ködik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ösködik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to create an intransitive verb to express that someone behaves or acts like the base word. The verbs often have a pejorative meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- katona (“soldier”) + -skodik → katonáskodik (“to soldier, to serve in the army as a soldier”)
- -skedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- hülye (“idiot”) + -skedik → hülyéskedik (“to act foolishly”)
- -sködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -askodik is added to some back-vowel words
- hatalom (“power”) + -askodik → hatalmaskodik (“to domineer”)
- -oskodik is added to some back-vowel words
- rab (“captive”) + -oskodik → raboskodik (“to live in captivity”)
- -ösködik is added to some rounded front-vowel words
- főnök (“boss”) + -ösködik → főnökösködik (“to be bossy, to behave like a boss; to work as a boss”)
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -ösködik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -oskodok | -oskodsz | -ösködik | -oskodunk | -oskodtok | -oskodnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -oskodtam | -oskodtál | -oskodott | -oskodtunk | -oskodtatok | -oskodtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -oskodni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -oskodék | -oskodál | -oskoda | -oskodánk | -oskodátok | -oskodának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -ösködik vala, -oskodott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -oskodandok | -oskodandasz | -oskodand | -oskodandunk | -oskodandotok | -oskodandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -oskodnék | -oskodnál | -oskodna | -oskodnánk | -oskodnátok | -oskodnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -oskodott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -oskodjak | -oskodj or -oskodjál |
-oskodjon | -oskodjunk | -oskodjatok | -oskodjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -oskodott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -oskodni | -oskodnom | -oskodnod | -oskodnia | -oskodnunk | -oskodnotok | -oskodniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -oskodás | -oskodó | -oskodott | ― | -oskodva (-oskodván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -ösködik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -oskodhatok | -oskodhatsz | -oskodhat | -oskodhatunk | -oskodhattok | -oskodhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -oskodhattam | -oskodhattál | -oskodhatott | -oskodhattunk | -oskodhattatok | -oskodhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -oskodhaték | -oskodhatál | -oskodhata | -oskodhatánk | -oskodhatátok | -oskodhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -oskodhat vala, -oskodhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -oskodhatandok or -oskodandhatok |
-oskodhatandasz or -oskodandhatsz |
-oskodhatand or -oskodandhat |
-oskodhatandunk or -oskodandhatunk |
-oskodhatandotok or -oskodandhattok |
-oskodhatandanak or -oskodandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -oskodhatnék | -oskodhatnál | -oskodhatna | -oskodhatnánk | -oskodhatnátok | -oskodhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -oskodhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -oskodhassak | -oskodhass or -oskodhassál |
-oskodhasson | -oskodhassunk | -oskodhassatok | -oskodhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -oskodhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-oskodhatni) | (-oskodhatnom) | (-oskodhatnod) | (-oskodhatnia) | (-oskodhatnunk) | (-oskodhatnotok) | (-oskodhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-oskodhatva / -oskodhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -ösködik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)