-skodik
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See also: -sködik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -kodik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-skodik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to create an intransitive verb to express that someone behaves or acts like the base word. The verbs often have a pejorative meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- katona (“soldier”) + -skodik → katonáskodik (“to soldier, to serve in the army as a soldier”)
- -skedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- hülye (“idiot”) + -skedik → hülyéskedik (“to act foolishly”)
- -sködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -askodik is added to some back-vowel words
- hatalom (“power”) + -askodik → hatalmaskodik (“to domineer”)
- -oskodik is added to some back-vowel words
- rab (“captive”) + -oskodik → raboskodik (“to live in captivity”)
- -ösködik is added to some rounded front-vowel words
- főnök (“boss”) + -ösködik → főnökösködik (“to be bossy, to behave like a boss; to work as a boss”)
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -skodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -skodok | -skodsz | -skodik | -skodunk | -skodtok | -skodnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -skodtam | -skodtál | -skodott | -skodtunk | -skodtatok | -skodtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -skodni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -skodék | -skodál | -skoda | -skodánk | -skodátok | -skodának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -skodik vala, -skodott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -skodandok | -skodandasz | -skodand | -skodandunk | -skodandotok | -skodandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -skodnék | -skodnál | -skodna | -skodnánk | -skodnátok | -skodnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -skodott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -skodjak | -skodj or -skodjál |
-skodjon | -skodjunk | -skodjatok | -skodjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -skodott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -skodni | -skodnom | -skodnod | -skodnia | -skodnunk | -skodnotok | -skodniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -skodás | -skodó | -skodott | ― | -skodva (-skodván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -skodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -skodhatok | -skodhatsz | -skodhat | -skodhatunk | -skodhattok | -skodhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -skodhattam | -skodhattál | -skodhatott | -skodhattunk | -skodhattatok | -skodhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -skodhaték | -skodhatál | -skodhata | -skodhatánk | -skodhatátok | -skodhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -skodhat vala, -skodhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -skodhatandok or -skodandhatok |
-skodhatandasz or -skodandhatsz |
-skodhatand or -skodandhat |
-skodhatandunk or -skodandhatunk |
-skodhatandotok or -skodandhattok |
-skodhatandanak or -skodandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -skodhatnék | -skodhatnál | -skodhatna | -skodhatnánk | -skodhatnátok | -skodhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -skodhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -skodhassak | -skodhass or -skodhassál |
-skodhasson | -skodhassunk | -skodhassatok | -skodhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -skodhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-skodhatni) | (-skodhatnom) | (-skodhatnod) | (-skodhatnia) | (-skodhatnunk) | (-skodhatnotok) | (-skodhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-skodhatva / -skodhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -skodik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)