-skedik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -kedik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-skedik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to create an intransitive verb to express that someone behaves or acts like the base word. The verbs often have a pejorative meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- katona (“soldier”) + -skodik → katonáskodik (“to soldier, to serve in the army as a soldier”)
- -skedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- hülye (“idiot”) + -skedik → hülyéskedik (“to act foolishly”)
- -sködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -askodik is added to some back-vowel words
- hatalom (“power”) + -askodik → hatalmaskodik (“to domineer”)
- -oskodik is added to some back-vowel words
- rab (“captive”) + -oskodik → raboskodik (“to live in captivity”)
- -ösködik is added to some rounded front-vowel words
- főnök (“boss”) + -ösködik → főnökösködik (“to be bossy, to behave like a boss; to work as a boss”)
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -skedik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -skedek | -skedsz | -skedik | -skedünk | -skedtek | -skednek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -skedtem | -skedtél | -skedett | -skedtünk | -skedtetek | -skedtek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -skedni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -skedék | -skedél | -skede | -skedénk | -skedétek | -skedének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -skedik vala, -skedett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -skedendek | -skedendesz | -skedend | -skedendünk | -skedendetek | -skedendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -skednék | -skednél | -skedne | -skednénk | -skednétek | -skednének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -skedett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -skedjek | -skedj or -skedjél |
-skedjen | -skedjünk | -skedjetek | -skedjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -skedett légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -skedni | -skednem | -skedned | -skednie | -skednünk | -skednetek | -skedniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -skedés | -skedő | -skedett | ― | -skedve (-skedvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of -skedik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -skedhetek | -skedhetsz | -skedhet | -skedhetünk | -skedhettek | -skedhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -skedhettem | -skedhettél | -skedhetett | -skedhettünk | -skedhettetek | -skedhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -skedheték | -skedhetél | -skedhete | -skedheténk | -skedhetétek | -skedhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -skedhet vala, -skedhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -skedhetendek or -skedandhatok |
-skedhetendesz or -skedandhatsz |
-skedhetend or -skedandhat |
-skedhetendünk or -skedandhatunk |
-skedhetendetek or -skedandhattok |
-skedhetendenek or -skedandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -skedhetnék | -skedhetnél | -skedhetne | -skedhetnénk | -skedhetnétek | -skedhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -skedhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -skedhessek | -skedhess or -skedhessél |
-skedhessen | -skedhessünk | -skedhessetek | -skedhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -skedhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-skedhetni) | (-skedhetnem) | (-skedhetned) | (-skedhetnie) | (-skedhetnünk) | (-skedhetnetek) | (-skedhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-skedhetve / -skedhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -skedik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)