-sködik
See also: -skodik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -ködik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-sködik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to create an intransitive verb to express that someone behaves or acts like the base word. The verbs often have a pejorative meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- katona (“soldier”) + -skodik → katonáskodik (“to soldier, to serve in the army as a soldier”)
- -skedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- hülye (“idiot”) + -skedik → hülyéskedik (“to act foolishly”)
- -sködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -askodik is added to some back-vowel words
- hatalom (“power”) + -askodik → hatalmaskodik (“to domineer”)
- -oskodik is added to some back-vowel words
- rab (“captive”) + -oskodik → raboskodik (“to live in captivity”)
- -ösködik is added to some rounded front-vowel words
- főnök (“boss”) + -ösködik → főnökösködik (“to be bossy, to behave like a boss; to work as a boss”)
- -skodik is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -sködik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -sködök | -sködsz | -sködik | -sködünk | -sködtök | -sködnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -sködtem | -sködtél | -sködött | -sködtünk | -sködtetek | -sködtek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -sködni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -sködék | -sködél | -sköde | -sködénk | -sködétek | -sködének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -sködik vala, -sködött vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -sködendek | -sködendesz | -sködend | -sködendünk | -sködendetek | -sködendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -sködnék | -sködnél | -sködne | -sködnénk | -sködnétek | -sködnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -sködött volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -sködjek | -sködj or -sködjél |
-sködjön | -sködjünk | -sködjetek | -sködjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -sködött légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -sködni | -sködnöm | -sködnöd | -sködnie | -sködnünk | -sködnötök | -sködniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -sködés | -sködő | -sködött | ― | -sködve (-sködvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of -sködik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -sködhetek | -sködhetsz | -sködhet | -sködhetünk | -sködhettek | -sködhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -sködhettem | -sködhettél | -sködhetett | -sködhettünk | -sködhettetek | -sködhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -sködheték | -sködhetél | -sködhete | -sködheténk | -sködhetétek | -sködhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -sködhet vala, -sködhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -sködhetendek or -sködandhatok |
-sködhetendesz or -sködandhatsz |
-sködhetend or -sködandhat |
-sködhetendünk or -sködandhatunk |
-sködhetendetek or -sködandhattok |
-sködhetendenek or -sködandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -sködhetnék | -sködhetnél | -sködhetne | -sködhetnénk | -sködhetnétek | -sködhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -sködhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -sködhessek | -sködhess or -sködhessél |
-sködhessen | -sködhessünk | -sködhessetek | -sködhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -sködhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-sködhetni) | (-sködhetnem) | (-sködhetned) | (-sködhetnie) | (-sködhetnünk) | (-sködhetnetek) | (-sködhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-sködhetve / -sködhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -sködik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)