陋儒

Chinese

		low; humble; plain low; humble; plain; ugly; mean; vulgar	scholar; Confucian
trad. (陋儒)		陋	儒
simp. #(陋儒)		陋	儒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lòurú

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄡˋ ㄖㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lòurú
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˋ ㄖㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lòurú
    • Wade–Giles: lou⁴-ju²
    • Yale: lòu-rú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lowru
    • Palladius: лоужу (loužu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loʊ̯⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: luwH nyu

Rime
Character	陋	儒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧候切	人朱切
Baxter	luwH	nyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ləuH/	/ȵɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ləuH/	/ȵio/
Shao Rongfen	/ləuH/	/ȵʑio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwH/	/ȵuə̆/
Li Rong	/luH/	/ȵio/
Wang Li	/ləuH/	/ȵʑĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lə̯uH/	/ȵʑi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lòu	rú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau6	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤo-s  no/

  (Zhengzhang): /*roːs  njo/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	陋	儒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lòu	rú
Middle Chinese	‹ luwH ›	‹ nyu ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁo-s/	/*no/
English	narrow; base (adj.)	侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陋	儒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8513	13969
Phonetic component	陋	需
Rime group	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	陋	儒
Old Chinese	/*roːs/	/*njo/

Noun

陋儒

1. (dated) ignorant scholar; learned fool; morosoph

   • 上不能好其人，下不能隆禮，安特將學雜識志，順詩書而已耳。則末世窮年，不免為陋儒而已。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     上不能好其人，下不能隆礼，安特将学杂识志，顺诗书而已耳。则末世穷年，不免为陋儒而已。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Shàng bùnéng hào qírén, xià bùnéng lónglǐ, ān tè jiāng xuézá zhìzhì, shùn shīshū éryǐ ěr. Zé mòshì qióngnián, bùmiǎn wéi lòurú éryǐ. [Pinyin]

     If one cannot first appreciate a true scholar with all one's heart, and next fails to place the Li at the highest place in one's studies, all the efforts will amount to nothing but the study and memory of trivial miscellanea while becoming somewhat familiar with the Classics. At the end of the day, one's fate as a learned fool is sealed.