歲暮

Chinese

		year; years old; (a measure word)	evening; dusk; sunset evening; dusk; sunset; (of time) late; closing
trad. (歲暮)		歲	暮
simp. (岁暮)		岁	暮

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): suìmù

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: suìmù
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: suèimù
    • Wade–Giles: sui⁴-mu⁴
    • Yale: swèi-mù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sueymuh
    • Palladius: суйму (sujmu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: sjwejH muH

Rime
Character	歲	暮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	祭 (36)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	相銳切	莫故切
Baxter	sjwejH	muH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuᴇiH/	/muoH/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷiɛiH/	/muoH/
Shao Rongfen	/siuæiH/	/moH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swiajH/	/mɔH/
Li Rong	/siuɛiH/	/moH/
Wang Li	/sĭwɛiH/	/muH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯wɛiH/	/muoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suì	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi3	mou6

Noun

歲暮

1. (literary) close of the year

   • 歲暮陰陽催短景，天涯霜雪霽寒霄。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     岁暮阴阳催短景，天涯霜雪霁寒霄。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 766 or 767, Du Fu (杜甫), A Night in a Chamber（《閣夜》）, tr. Wu Juntao

     Suìmù yīnyáng cuī duǎn jǐng, tiānyá shuāngxuě jì hán xiāo. [Pinyin]

     The nights and days so swiftly flee at the end of the year;
     At the corner of the earth, after snow, the cold, dark sky is clear.

2. (literary) advanced age

   • 壯齒不恒居，歲暮常慨慷。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     壮齿不恒居，岁暮常慨慷。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. around 300, Zuo Si (左思), Miscellaneous Poems（《雜詩》）

     Zhuàng chǐ bù héng jū, suìmù cháng kǎikāng. [Pinyin]

     The sturdy teeth of my youth failed to endure;
     As my years advance, I am oft filled with poignant lament.

Synonyms

• (end of the year):

edit

• 年兜 (Puxian Min, Hokkien)
• 年兜邊 / 年兜边 (Hokkien)
• 年尾 (niánwěi) (colloquial)
• 年底 (niándǐ)
• 年暝 (nièng-màng) (Eastern Min)
• 年暝兜 (Puxian Min)
• 年暝內 / 年暝内 (Puxian Min)
• 年末 (niánmò)
• 年終 / 年终 (niánzhōng)
• 年跟腳 / 年跟脚
• 年關 / 年关 (niánguān)
• 歲尾 / 岁尾 (suìwěi) (literary or Puxian Min)
• 歲晏 / 岁晏 (literary)
• 歲末 / 岁末 (suìmò)
• 歲杪 / 岁杪 (suìmiǎo) (literary)

• (advanced age):

edit

• 夕陽 / 夕阳 (xīyáng) (figurative)
• 尾梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 晚年 (wǎnnián)
• 暮年 (mùnián)
• 白頭 / 白头 (báitóu) (figurative)
• 皓首 (hàoshǒu) (literary, figurative)
• 老年 (lǎonián)
• 老年期 (lǎoniánqī)
• 衰年 (shuāinián) (literary)
• 遲暮 / 迟暮 (chímù) (literary)
• 食老 (chia̍h-lāu) (Hokkien)
• 餘年 / 余年 (yúnián)

Korean

Hanja in this term
歲	暮

Noun

歲暮 • (semo) (hangeul 세모)

1. hanja form^? of 세모 (“the end of the year”)