天涯

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	border; horizon; shore
simp. and trad. (天涯)		天	涯

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiānyá

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄧㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ ngaai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-ngài
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thian-gâi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tiêng¹ ngai⁵ / tiang¹ ngai⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiānyá
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tianyá
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-ya²
    • Yale: tyān-yá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianya
    • Palladius: тянья (tjanʹja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ jä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tin¹ ngaai⁴
    • Yale: tīn ngàaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ ngaai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ ngai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋaːi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-ngài
    • Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ ngai^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ ngai²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋai̯¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-gâi
    • Tâi-lô: thian-gâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tien'gaai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡai²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ ɡai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡai¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡai²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡai²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tiêng¹ ngai⁵ / tiang¹ ngai⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thieng ngâi / thiang ngâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ ŋai⁵⁵/, /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋai⁵⁵/

Note:

• tiêng1 ngai5 - Chaozhou;
• tiang1 ngai5 - Shantou, Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: then ngje|ngea

Rime
Character	天	涯	涯
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	支 (13)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III	II
Fanqie	他前切	魚羈切	五佳切
Baxter	then	ngje	ngea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/ŋˠiᴇ/	/ŋˠɛ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/ŋᵚiɛ/	/ŋᵚæ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/ŋiɛ/	/ŋæi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/ŋjiə̆/	/ŋaɨj/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/ŋje/	/ŋɛ/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/ŋǐe/	/ŋai/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/ŋie̯/	/ŋai/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	yí	yá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin1	ji4	ngaai4

Noun

天涯

1. (literary) far corners of the world; distant lands

Derived terms

• 同是天涯淪落人 / 同是天涯沦落人 (tóng shì tiānyá lúnluòrén)
• 咫尺天涯
• 地角天涯
• 天涯何處無芳草 / 天涯何处无芳草 (tiānyá héchù wú fāngcǎo)
• 天涯咫尺
• 天涯地角 (tiānyá dìjiǎo)
• 天涯海角 (tiānyáhǎijiǎo)
• 天涯知己
• 天涯若比鄰 / 天涯若比邻 (tiānyá ruò bǐlín)
• 明日天涯
• 海角天涯
• 浪跡天涯 / 浪迹天涯

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天涯):

• → Japanese: 天涯(てんがい) (tengai)
• → Korean: 천애(天涯) (cheonae)

See also

• 天際／天际 (tiānjì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	涯
てん Grade: 1	がい Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

天(てん)涯(がい) • (tengai) 

1. horizon
2. a distant land
3. heavenly shores