日居月諸

Chinese

		sun	modal particle	moon	modal particle
trad. (日居月諸)		日	居	月	諸
simp. (日居月诸)		日	居	月	诸

Etymology

From Shijing, Odes Of Bei, "Sun and Moon":

日居月諸、照臨下土。
乃如之人兮、逝不古處。
胡能有定、寧不我顧。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

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日居月诸、照临下土。
乃如之人兮、逝不古处。
胡能有定、宁不我顾。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Rìjīyuèzhū, zhàolín xiàtǔ.
Nǎirú zhī rén xī, shì bù gǔchù.
Hú néng yǒu dìng, nìng bù wǒ gù. [Pinyin]

O sun; O moon, which enlighten this lower earth!
Here is the man, who treats me not according to the ancient rule.
How can he get his mind settled? Would he then not regard me?

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rì jī yuè zhū, rì jū yuè zhū

  (Zhuyin): ㄖˋ ㄐㄧ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ, ㄖˋ ㄐㄩ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jat⁶ gei¹ jyut⁶ zyu¹ / jat⁶ geoi¹ jyut⁶ zyu¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): li̍t-ki goa̍t-chir / li̍t-ki goa̍t-chu / ji̍t-ki goa̍t-chu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rì jī yuè zhū
    • Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄐㄧ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rìh ji yuè jhu
    • Wade–Giles: jih⁴ chi¹ yüeh⁴ chu¹
    • Yale: r̀ jī ywè jū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryh ji yueh ju
    • Palladius: жи цзи юэ чжу (ži czi jue čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rì jū yuè zhū
    • Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄐㄩ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rìh jyu yuè jhu
    • Wade–Giles: jih⁴ chü¹ yüeh⁴ chu¹
    • Yale: r̀ jyū ywè jū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryh jiu yueh ju
    • Palladius: жи цзюй юэ чжу (ži czjuj jue čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jat⁶ gei¹ jyut⁶ zyu¹ / jat⁶ geoi¹ jyut⁶ zyu¹
    • Yale: yaht gēi yuht jyū / yaht gēui yuht jyū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁹ gei¹ jyt⁹ dzy¹ / jat⁹ goey¹ jyt⁹ dzy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yed⁶ géi¹ yud⁶ ju¹ / yed⁶ gêu¹ yud⁶ ju¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚² kei̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚² t͡syː⁵⁵/, /jɐt̚² kɵy̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚² t͡syː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍t-ki goa̍t-chir
    • Tâi-lô: li̍t-ki gua̍t-tsir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚²⁴⁻² ki³³ ɡuat̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍t-ki goa̍t-chu
    • Tâi-lô: li̍t-ki gua̍t-tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lidky goadzw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lit̚⁴⁻³² ki⁴⁴ ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji̍t-ki goa̍t-chu
    • Tâi-lô: ji̍t-ki gua̍t-tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jidky goadzw
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki⁴⁴ ɡuat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: nyit ki ngjwot tsyo

Rime
Character	日	居	月	諸
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	見 (28)	疑 (31)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	質 (48)	之 (19)	月 (68)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	人質切	居之切	魚厥切	章魚切
Baxter	nyit	ki	ngjwot	tsyo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪt̚/	/kɨ/	/ŋʉɐt̚/	/t͡ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵit̚/	/kɨ/	/ŋʷiɐt̚/	/t͡ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjet̚/	/kie/	/ŋiuɐt̚/	/t͡ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵit̚/	/kɨ/	/ŋuat̚/	/cɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕt̚/	/kiə/	/ŋiuɐt̚/	/t͡ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕt̚/	/kĭə/	/ŋĭwɐt̚/	/t͡ɕĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/	/ki/	/ŋi̯wɐt̚/	/t͡ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rì	jī	yuè	zhū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jat6	gei1	jyut6	zyu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nik  ka  [ŋ]ʷat  ta/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njiɡ  kɯ  ŋod  tjaː|tja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	日	居	月	諸
Reading #	1/1	2/3	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rì	jū	yuè	zhū
Middle Chinese	‹ nyit ›	‹ kjo ›	‹ ngjwot ›	‹ tsyo ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nik/	/*ka/	/*[ŋ]ʷat/	/*ta/
English	sun; day	final particle	moon, month	many
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	日	居	月	諸	諸
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	10845	4209	16319	16959	17000
Phonetic component	日	古	月	者	者
Rime group	質	之	月	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0	3	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	日	姬	月	遮	諸
Old Chinese	/*njiɡ/	/*kɯ/	/*ŋod/	/*tjaː/	/*tja/

Idiom

日居月諸

1. (literary) time flies quickly, time is inexorable

See also

• 居諸／居诸 (jīzhū)