忉利天

Chinese

		phonetic	day; sky; heaven
simp. and trad. (忉利天)		忉利	天

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忉利 is typically understood to transcribe the numeral thirty-three from a Middle Indo-Aryan language; cf. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit त्रायस्त्रिंश (trāyastriṃśa); Pali tāvatiṁsa (“of the thirty-three [heavenly beings]”) from tayo m + tiṁsa; Gandhari 𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨩𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨭 (trayatriśa, “belonging to the Thirty-Three”);^[1] Tocharian B tāpātriś; Tocharian A tapattriś; also modern Kashmiri تیٚیہِ ترٕٛہ (“thirty-three”). The first syllable may be compared to Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀢𑀑 (tao, “three”). The /l/ reflex in 利 (MC lijH) for Indo-Aryan -tr-/-dr-, probably echoing Gandhari features attested in e.g. 𐨕𐨂𐨫𐨒𐨹 (culaǵa, “little”) < Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra), also existed in loanwords such as 彌勒 (MC mjie lok) < Tocharian A Metrak (Bailey, 1946; Ji, 1998v11).

Alternatively, compare Sanskrit त्रिदिव (tridiva, “third, highest heaven”), from त्रि (tri) + द्यु (dyu); Pali tidiva; often conflated with the Thirty-Three in Buddhist texts.

忉利天

(Buddhism) Trāyastriṃśa (a heavenly abode of the devas, second of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire)
Synonym: 三十三天

Sino-Xenic (忉利天):

^ Baums, Stefan, Glass, Andrew (2002–) “trayatriśa”, in A Dictionary of Gandhari‎^[1]