姑蘇

See also: 姑苏

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (姑蘇)		姑	蘇
simp. (姑苏)		姑	苏

Wikipedia has articles on:

姑蘇 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Gusu District (English)

Etymology

From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Gūsū

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄙㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ sou¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ku-su₁ / ¹kou-sou₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gūsū
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄙㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gusu
  - Wade–Giles: Ku¹-su¹
  - Yale: Gū-sū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gusu
  - Palladius: Гусу (Gusu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu¹ sou¹
  - Yale: gū sōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ sou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ sou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ku-su₁
  - MiniDict: ku^平 su^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ku-su₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku⁵⁵ su²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹kou-sou₁
  - MiniDict: kou^平 sou^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kəu⁴⁴ səu/

Middle Chinese: ku su

Rime
Character	姑	蘇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古胡切	素姑切
Baxter	ku	su
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/	/suo/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/	/suo/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/	/so/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/	/sɔ/
Li Rong	/ko/	/so/
Wang Li	/ku/	/su/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuo/	/suo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū	sū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu¹	sou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa s-ŋˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaː sŋaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姑	蘇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gū	sū
Middle Chinese	‹ ku ›	‹ su ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁa/	/*s-ŋˁa/
English	father"s sister	revive
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姑	蘇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4212	15937
Phonetic component	古	魚
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	孤	蘇
Old Chinese	/*kaː/	/*sŋaː/

Proper noun

姑蘇

(～城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou
- 女以諫者為必用邪？吳子胥不磔姑蘇東門外乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  女以谏者为必用邪？吴子胥不磔姑苏东门外乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū! [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(～區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown
(～山) Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou
(～臺) Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu
- 居軍三年，吳師自潰。吳王帥其賢良，與其重祿，以上姑蘇。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  居军三年，吴师自溃。吴王帅其贤良，与其重禄，以上姑苏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(by metonymy, literary) Suzhou itself
- 姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation
  Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán. [Pinyin]
  And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain,
  Ringing for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.

Synonyms

(Suzhou City): 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)

Derived terms

姑蘇島 / 姑苏岛 (Gūsūdǎo)
姑蘇臺 / 姑苏台
蘇州 / 苏州 (Sūzhōu, “Suzhou”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
姑	蘇

Proper noun

姑蘇

chữ Hán form of Cô Tô.