坩

坩 U+5769, 坩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5769 ← 坨 [U+5768] CJK Unified Ideographs 坪 → [U+576A]

Translingual

Han character

坩 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一 (GTM), four-corner 4417₀, composition ⿰土甘)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4975
• Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 429, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5769

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	*sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	*kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶	*ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	*ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		坩
alternative forms		㽍

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khaⁿ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham¹
    • Yale: hām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvaf
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰã⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kham

Rime
Character	坩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦甘切
Baxter	kham
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰam/
Li Rong	/kʰɑm/
Wang Li	/kʰɑm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坩
Reading #	2/2
No.	3657
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	坩
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːm/

Definitions

坩

1. earthenware

Compounds

• 飯坩 / 饭坩 (pn̄g-khaⁿ) (Min Nan)

 

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		坩

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹ / kim⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham¹ / kim⁴
    • Yale: hām / kìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹ / kim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem¹ / kim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/, /kʰiːm²¹/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坩
Reading #	1/2
No.	3656
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/
Notes	甘堝之甘今字

Definitions

坩

1. Only used in 坩堝／坩埚 (gānguō).

References

• “Entry #3716”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

坩

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. jar, pot

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 坩)

Compounds

• 坩堝(かんか) (kanka)
• 坩堝(るつぼ) (rutsubo)

Korean

Hanja

坩 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)

1. earthenware, earthenware vessel

Vietnamese

Han character

坩: Hán Nôm readings: cam

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation