合眾國

See also: 合衆國, 合衆国, and 合众国

Chinese

		to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together	numerous; multitude; crowd	country; state; nation
trad. (合眾國/合衆國)		合	眾/衆	國
simp. (合众国)		合	众	国

Etymology

Calque of English United States, from 合 (hé, “union”) + 眾國／众国 (“democratic state”), probably coined by Elijah Coleman Bridgman before 1844. Soon rebracketed as 合眾／合众 + 國／国 (guó).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hézhòngguó

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hap⁶ zung³ gwok³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hézhòngguó
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: héjhòngguó
    • Wade–Giles: ho²-chung⁴-kuo²
    • Yale: hé-jùng-gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herjonqgwo
    • Palladius: хэчжунго (xɛčžungo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hap⁶ zung³ gwok³
    • Yale: hahp jung gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hap⁹ dzung³ gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: heb⁶ zung³ guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐp̚² t͡sʊŋ³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

Noun

合眾國

1. federated nation; federation; united states
2. (now rare) United States (a country in North America)

   • 准合眾國官民延請中國各方士民人等教習各方語音，並幫辦文墨事件。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     准合众国官民延请中国各方士民人等教习各方语音，并帮办文墨事件。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1844, Treaty of Wanghia

     Zhǔn Hézhòngguó guānmín yánqǐng Zhōngguó gèfāng shìmín rén děng jiàoxí gèfāng yǔyīn, bìng bāngbàn wénmò shìjiàn. [Pinyin]

     It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the empire, and to assist in literary labors.

   • 合眾國之紳耆，皆會集於此議國政。城為華盛頓所建，乃合眾國創業之祖，故即名其城曰華盛頓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     合众国之绅耆，皆会集于此议国政。城为华盛顿所建，乃合众国创业之祖，故即名其城曰华盛顿。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1849, Xu Jiyu, 瀛寰志略

     Hézhòngguó zhī shēnqí, jiē huìjí yú cǐ yì guózhèng. Chéng wéi Huáshèngdùn suǒ jiàn, nǎi Hézhòngguó chuàngyè zhī zǔ, gù jí míng qí chéng yuē Huáshèngdùn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 美利堅合眾國／美利坚合众国 (Měilìjiān hézhòngguó, “United States of America”)
• 阿拉伯合眾國／阿拉伯合众国
• 墨西哥合眾國／墨西哥合众国

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (合眾國):

• → Japanese: 合衆国(がっしゅうこく) (gasshūkoku)
• → Korean: 합중국(合衆國) (hapjungguk)
• → Vietnamese: hợp chúng quốc (合眾國)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
合	眾	國

Noun

合眾國

1. chữ Hán form of hợp chúng quốc (“United States”).