國政

Chinese

		country; state; nation	political; politics; government
trad. (國政)		國	政
simp. (国政)		国	政

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guózhèng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓㄥˋ

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koet-chṳn

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guózhèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guójhèng
    • Wade–Giles: kuo²-chêng⁴
    • Yale: gwó-jèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwojenq
    • Palladius: гочжэн (gočžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koet-chṳn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gued^ˋ ziin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gued⁵ zin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯et̚² t͡sɨn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwok tsyengH

Rime
Character	國	政
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	德 (132)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古或切	之盛切
Baxter	kwok	tsyengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwək̚/	/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷək̚/	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuək̚/	/t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwək̚/	/ciajŋH/
Li Rong	/kuək̚/	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/kuək̚/	/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwək̚/	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo	zhèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak1	zing3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək  teŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ  tjeŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	國	政
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó	zhèng
Middle Chinese	‹ kwok ›	‹ tsyengH ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/	/*teŋ-s/
English	state (n.)	government
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	國	政
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5547	17177
Phonetic component	或	正
Rime group	職	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	國	政
Old Chinese	/*kʷɯːɡ/	/*tjeŋs/

Noun

國政

1. (literary) affairs of state

Synonyms

• (historical) 朝政 (cháozhèng)
• (historical) 國朝／国朝 (guócháo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (國政):

• → Japanese: 国政(こくせい) (kokusei)
• → Korean: 국정(國政) (gukjeong)