交趾

Chinese

		to deliver; to turn over; to make friends to deliver; to turn over; to make friends; to intersect (lines); to pay (money)	toe; foot
simp. and trad. (交趾)		交	趾
alternative forms		交阯 交址

Etymology

Traditionally said to have been a placename from the time of the sage-king Yao. In fact, an early form of the name Giao Chỉ seems to have been used by the native states for the area around the Red River delta prior to the Chinese conquest.

The Book of Rites noted that the southern barbarians (Man) had crossed toes (交趾).

南方曰蠻，雕題交趾，有不火食者矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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南方曰蛮，雕题交趾，有不火食者矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

Nánfāng yuē mán, diāotí jiāozhǐ, yǒu bù huǒshí zhě yǐ. [Pinyin]

Those on the south were called Man. They tattooed their foreheads, and had their feet turned in towards each other. Some of them (also) ate their food without its being cooked.

Ferlus (2009) hypothesizes that the first syllable, 交 (OC *kreːw), originated from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general term for ethnic groups in southwestern China”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jiāozhǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹ zi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāozhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄓˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jiaojhǐh
    • Wade–Giles: Chiao¹-chih³
    • Yale: Jyāu-jř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiaujyy
    • Palladius: Цзяочжи (Czjaočži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaau¹ zi²
    • Yale: gāau jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 膠子／胶子 膠紙／胶纸

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• Middle Chinese: kaew tsyiX

Rime
Character	交	趾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古肴切	諸市切
Baxter	kaew	tsyiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/	/t͡ɕɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/	/t͡ɕɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/	/t͡ɕieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/	/cɨX/
Li Rong	/kau/	/t͡ɕiəX/
Wang Li	/kau/	/t͡ɕĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/	/t͡ɕiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau1	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw  təʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw  kjɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	交	趾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›	‹ tsyiX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁraw/	/*təʔ/
English	cross (v.)	foot, heel, toe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	交	趾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6296	17298
Phonetic component	交	止
Rime group	宵	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	交	止
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/	/*kjɯʔ/
Notes		趾轉註字

Proper noun

交趾

1. (～郡) (historical) Jiaozhi (the ancient Chinese commandery in northern Vietnam first established under the Han dynasty)
2. (historical) Jiaozhi (a generic term for the lands south of the Five Ridges (Dayu, Qitian, Dupang, Mengzhu, and Yuecheng) in Liangguang, essentially comprising North Vietnam)

   • 臣聞昔者堯有天下，飯於土簋，飲於土鉶，其地南至交趾，北至幽都，東西至日月之所出入者，莫不賓服。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     臣闻昔者尧有天下，饭于土簋，饮于土铏，其地南至交趾，北至幽都，东西至日月之所出入者，莫不宾服。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Chén wén xīzhě Yáo yǒu tiānxià, fàn yú tǔguǐ, yǐn yú tǔxíng, qí dì nán zhì Jiāozhǐ, běi zhì Yōudōu, dōngxī zhì rìyuè zhī suǒ chūrù zhě, mò bù bīnfú. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• 交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà, “Cochin China”)
• 交趾陶

 

See also

• 交州 (Jiāozhōu)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
交	趾

Proper noun

交趾

1. chữ Hán form of Giao Chỉ.