λόγος

See also: -λόγος and Λόγος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *lógos, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect (words)”). See also λέγω (légō, “to reckon, say”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ló.ɡos/ → /ˈlo.ɣos/ → /ˈlo.ɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ló.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.ɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.ɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈlo.ɣos/

Noun

λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension

1. That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance, argument
2. That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning.
3. An account, explanation, or narrative.
4. Subject matter.
5. (Philosophy) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament, by whom the world was created; God the Son.
   • Gospel of John, 1:1 (Greek New Testament, KJV translation)

     (1) Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος. [...] (14) Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας. — (1) In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. [...] (14) And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

Declension

Second declension of ὁ λόγος; τοῦ λόγου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λόγος ho lógos	τὼ λόγω tṑ lógō	οἱ λόγοι hoi lógoi
Genitive	τοῦ λόγου toû lógou	τοῖν λόγοιν toîn lógoin	τῶν λόγων tôn lógōn
Dative	τῷ λόγῳ tôi lógōi	τοῖν λόγοιν toîn lógoin	τοῖς λόγοις toîs lógois
Accusative	τὸν λόγον tòn lógon	τὼ λόγω tṑ lógō	τοὺς λόγους toùs lógous
Vocative	λόγε lóge	λόγω lógō	λόγοι lógoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄλογος (álogos)
• ἐπίλογος (epílogos)
• λογᾰοιδῐκός (logaoidikós)
• λογίζομαι (logízomai)
• λόγιον (lógion)
• λογισμός (logismós)
• λογογράφος (logográphos)
• πρόλογος (prólogos)

 

Descendants

• Greek: λόγος (lógos)
• Mariupol Greek: ло́го (lóho) (as if from a neuter noun)
• → English: logos
• → German: Logos
• → Norwegian Bokmål: logos, -log, -olog
• → Portuguese: logos
• → Russian: логос (logos)

Further reading

• “λόγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “λόγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “λόγος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• λόγος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• λόγος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “λόγος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3056 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• λόγος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • account idem, page 7.
  • adage idem, page 10.
  • address idem, page 11.
  • allegation idem, page 25.
  • analogy idem, page 28.
  • anecdote idem, page 29.
  • aphorism idem, page 34.
  • argument idem, page 39.
  • assertion idem, page 45.
  • book idem, page 89.
  • bruit idem, page 101.
  • calculation idem, page 108.
  • chapter idem, page 124.
  • chronicle idem, page 131.
  • consideration idem, page 163.
  • contention idem, page 167.
  • count idem, page 177.
  • declaration idem, page 201.
  • definition idem, page 205.
  • description idem, page 214.
  • discourse idem, page 231.
  • disquisition idem, page 238.
  • dissertation idem, page 239.
  • ejaculation idem, page 263.
  • essay idem, page 282.
  • esteem idem, page 283.
  • estimation idem, page 283.
  • exclamation idem, page 289.
  • expression idem, page 296.
  • extract idem, page 297.
  • fable idem, page 299.
  • fame idem, page 304.
  • formula idem, page 339.
  • gnome idem, page 364.
  • greeting idem, page 372.
  • ground idem, page 375.
  • harangue idem, page 384.
  • history idem, page 401.
  • language idem, page 475.
  • legend idem, page 484.
  • matter idem, page 518.
  • maxim idem, page 519.
  • message idem, page 526.
  • myth idem, page 549.
  • narrative idem, page 551.
  • news idem, page 557.
  • observation idem, page 567.
  • oracle idem, page 577.
  • oration idem, page 578.
  • parable idem, page 591.
  • passage idem, page 597.
  • philippic idem, page 610.
  • picture idem, page 611.
  • place idem, page 616.
  • plea idem, page 619.
  • pleading idem, page 619.
  • point idem, page 623.
  • precept idem, page 634.
  • prediction idem, page 634.
  • prognostication idem, page 653.
  • prophecy idem, page 653.
  • proposal idem, page 653.
  • proposition idem, page 653.
  • proverb idem, page 654.
  • question idem, page 665.
  • quotation idem, page 667.
  • rationality idem, page 673.
  • reason idem, page 676.
  • reasoning idem, page 677.
  • reckoning idem, page 679.
  • remark idem, page 692.
  • report idem, page 697.
  • romance idem, page 720.
  • rumour idem, page 726.
  • saying idem, page 736.
  • sentiment idem, page 754.
  • sketch idem, page 780.
  • speaking idem, page 799.
  • speech idem, page 800.
  • statement idem, page 812.
  • story idem, page 821.
  • subject idem, page 830.
  • suggestion idem, page 836.
  • tale idem, page 854.
  • talk idem, page 854.
  • term idem, page 862.
  • text idem, page 863.
  • tidings idem, page 874.
  • topic idem, page 881.
  • tradition idem, page 885.
  • true idem, page 898.
  • understanding idem, page 913.
  • utterance idem, page 941.
  • version idem, page 949.
  • word idem, page 987.
• Fournier, Les verbes dire en grec

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlo.ɣos]
• Hyphenation: λό‧γος

Noun

λόγος • (lógos) m (plural λόγοι)

1. word (word of honour)
2. speech, language
3. speech, oration
4. (mathematics) ratio
5. reason, causation

   Υπάρχει βάσιμος λόγος να τηρείται το απόρρητο.

   Ypárchei vásimos lógos na tireítai to apórrito.

   There is a good reason to keep something confidential.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	λόγος (lógos)	λόγοι (lógoi)
genitive	λόγου (lógou)	λόγων (lógon)
accusative	λόγο (lógo)	λόγους (lógous)
vocative	λόγε (lóge)	λόγοι (lógoi)

Synonyms

• λόγια n pl (lógia, “words, talking”)
• (oratory): αγόρευση f (agórefsi)
• (ratio): αναλογία f (analogía)

Derived terms

• αντιλογία f (antilogía, “argument”)
• αντίλογος m (antílogos, “objection”)
• έμμετρος λόγος m (émmetros lógos, “poetry”)
• λογική f (logikí, “logic”)
• λογικό n (logikó, “reason”)
• λογικός (logikós, “logical”)
• λόγιος (lógios, “learned”)
• λόγιος m (lógios, “scholar”)
• λογοδιάρροια f (logodiárroia, “logorrhea, chattering”)
• λογοθεραπευτής m (logotherapeftís, “speech therapist”)
• λογοθεραπεύτρια f (logotherapéftria, “speech therapist”)
• λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”)
• λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis, “aspect ratio”)
• λόγος του θεού m (lógos tou theoú, “Word of God”)
• παράλογος m (parálogos, “irrational”)
• πλάγιος λόγος m (plágios lógos, “reported/indirect speech”)