đường
Vietnamese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file) Audio (Saigon): (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]A loanword (SEALang). Compare 唐 (MC dang, “road inside a temple; big road”), whence Proto-Southwestern Tai *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”), whence further Thai ทาง (taang), Lao ທາງ (thāng), Northern Thai ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ, Lü ᦑᦱᧂ (taang), Shan တၢင်း (táang);[1] although possibly of ultimate Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Austroasiatic *glɔːŋ.[2][3] Shorto proposes a possible South Bahnaric origin, compare Koho pədyaŋ, Central Mnong rdɛ:ŋ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rɗiŋ ~ *rɗiəŋ
The native Vietnamese term is sá, inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ, now fossilized and only found in compounds like đường sá (“roads”) and sá cày (“furrow”).
See also dialectal form đàng. Compare nác and nước, đang and đương, kim cang and kim cương.
Noun
[edit]- road; street; path; route
- lên đường ― to set out; to be on the road
- Ở Sài Gòn có bốn đường mang tên người Pháp: Alexandre de Rhodes, Pasteur, Calmette và Yersin.
- There are four streets in Saigon named after Frenchmen: Alexandre de Rhodes, Pasteur, Calmette and Yersin.
- 1921 January, Lu Xun, “Cố hương [Hometown]”, in Trương Chính, transl., (Please provide the book title or journal name), translation of 故鄉／故乡 (gùxiāng):
- Tôi đang mơ màng, thì trước mắt tôi hiện ra cảnh tượng một cánh đồng cát, màu xanh biếc, cạnh bờ biển; trên vòm trời xanh đậm, treo lửng lơ một vừng trăng tròn vàng thắm. Tôi nghĩ bụng: đã gọi là hy vọng thì không thể nói đâu là thực, đâu là hư. Cũng giống như những con đường trên mặt đất; kỳ thực, trên mặt đất vốn làm gì có đường. Người ta đi mãi thì thành đường thôi.
- I was pondering, and then there was this deep-green sandy beach in front of me; and a golden full moon hanging in the blue sky. I thought to myself: you can’t really tell what’s real and what’s not about hope. Kind of like roads; if you think about it, there used to be no such thing as a road. Only when people have passed by back and forth enough times, roads start to form.
- path (metaphorical course)
- line
- tube
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Pittayaporn, P. (2014). "Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai", Manusya: Journal of Humanities, 17(3), p. 58 of pp. 47-68
- ^ Schuessler, Axel. (2007). An Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. University of Hawaii Press. p. 492
- ^ Sidwell, Paul (2024) “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society[1], volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii
Etymology 2
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 糖. Doublet of thắng (“to caramelize sugar”).
Noun
[edit]đường
- (uncountable) sugar (sucrose in the form of small crystals)