tehdä
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *tektäk (compare Karelian tehtä, Estonian tegema), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *teke- (compare Northern Sami dahkat, Erzya теемс (ťejems), Hungarian tesz; see the Proto-Uralic entry for more).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tehdä
- (transitive) to do, perform, execute, carry out
- Mitä sinä teet?
- What are you doing?
- Meidän täytyy tehdä biopsia selvittääksemme oireiden syyn.
- We need to perform a biopsy in order to find out the cause of the symptoms.
- Mitä menit tekemään?
- What did you do? / What have you done? (scolding tone)
- (literally, “What did you go (to) do?”)
- (transitive) to make, manufacture
- Tein äidilleni kakun.
- I made a cake for my mom. / I made my mom a cake.
- Mistä se on tehty?
- What is it made (out) of?
- (transitive) to commit, perpetrate, carry out, conduct (to do, as a crime, sin, or fault)
- tehdä huorin ― to commit adultery
- (transitive) to make, render (cause to be) (note: in "make someone happy", "someone" is the 'patient' and "happy" is the 'complement')
- With the patient in the elative case and the complement (noun, adjective, participle, etc.) as the object (in the accusative case).
- He tekivät minusta presidentin.
- They made me President.
- Ei se tee hänestä pahaa ihmistä.
- It doesn't make him a bad person.
- Mikä tekee ihmisestä viehättävän?
- What makes someone attractive?
- Spyker osti Saabin tehdäkseen merkistä entistäkin arvostetumman.
- Spyker bought Saab in order to make the brand even more prestigious.
- 0-100 km/h–kiihtyvyys alle viidessä sekunnissa tekee autosta testaamistamme nopeimmin kiihtyvän.
- Acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in under five seconds makes the car the one with the fastest acceleration out of the cars we tested.
- With the patient as the object (in the accusative case) and the complement (often an adjective or a participle) in the translative case.
- Hän teki minut iloiseksi.
- She made me happy.
- With the patient in the elative case and the complement (noun, adjective, participle, etc.) as the object (in the accusative case).
- (transitive, informal) to make, cost (said often by the salesperson to the customer)
- (transitive, informal) to do a, pull a (copy or emulate the actions or behaviour that is associated with the person or thing mentioned)
- Hän teki Nykäset ja alkoi ryypätä.
- She did a Nykänen and hit the bottle.
- (transitive, usually atelic) to be in the process of
- (stative, impersonal + genitive) to feel [(adjective) with partitive]
- Minun tekee hyvää ajatella sitä.
- I feel good thinking it.
- Minun tekee pahaa ajatellakin sitä.
- I feel bad just thinking it.
- (transitive, of animals) to have, bear (give birth to children)
- (transitive, informal, of people) to have, bear (give birth to children)
Usage notes
[edit]- (to make/render): Which of the two options is used depends on the part of speech of the result. A noun is practically always expressed with the elative + accusative construction, while an adjective is primarily expressed with accusative + translative, although elative + accusative is sometimes used as well (especially when talking about personal perception or when the action does not render something into a result, but rather a consequence; see the usage examples above).
- ("do a", "pull a"; copy, emulate): What or who is being emulated is practically always in the plural, even if plural forms would not normally be used for that particular word (such as with country names).
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of tehdä (Kotus type 71*D/nähdä, k-∅ gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | teen | en tee | 1st sing. | olen tehnyt | en ole tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | teet | et tee | 2nd sing. | olet tehnyt | et ole tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tekee | ei tee | 3rd sing. | on tehnyt | ei ole tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | teemme | emme tee | 1st plur. | olemme tehneet | emme ole tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | teette | ette tee | 2nd plur. | olette tehneet | ette ole tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tekevät | eivät tee | 3rd plur. | ovat tehneet | eivät ole tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tehdään | ei tehdä | passive | on tehty | ei ole tehty | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tein | en tehnyt | 1st sing. | olin tehnyt | en ollut tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | teit | et tehnyt | 2nd sing. | olit tehnyt | et ollut tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | teki | ei tehnyt | 3rd sing. | oli tehnyt | ei ollut tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | teimme | emme tehneet | 1st plur. | olimme tehneet | emme olleet tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | teitte | ette tehneet | 2nd plur. | olitte tehneet | ette olleet tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tekivät | eivät tehneet | 3rd plur. | olivat tehneet | eivät olleet tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tehtiin | ei tehty | passive | oli tehty | ei ollut tehty | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tekisin | en tekisi | 1st sing. | olisin tehnyt | en olisi tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tekisit | et tekisi | 2nd sing. | olisit tehnyt | et olisi tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tekisi | ei tekisi | 3rd sing. | olisi tehnyt | ei olisi tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tekisimme | emme tekisi | 1st plur. | olisimme tehneet | emme olisi tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tekisitte | ette tekisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte tehneet | ette olisi tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tekisivät | eivät tekisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat tehneet | eivät olisi tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tehtäisiin | ei tehtäisi | passive | olisi tehty | ei olisi tehty | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tee | älä tee | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tehköön | älköön tehkö | 3rd sing. | olkoon tehnyt | älköön olko tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tehkäämme | älkäämme tehkö | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tehkää | älkää tehkö | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tehkööt | älkööt tehkö | 3rd plur. | olkoot tehneet | älkööt olko tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tehtäköön | älköön tehtäkö | passive | olkoon tehty | älköön olko tehty | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tehnen | en tehne | 1st sing. | lienen tehnyt | en liene tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tehnet | et tehne | 2nd sing. | lienet tehnyt | et liene tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tehnee | ei tehne | 3rd sing. | lienee tehnyt | ei liene tehnyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tehnemme | emme tehne | 1st plur. | lienemme tehneet | emme liene tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tehnette | ette tehne | 2nd plur. | lienette tehneet | ette liene tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tehnevät | eivät tehne | 3rd plur. | lienevät tehneet | eivät liene tehneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tehtäneen | ei tehtäne | passive | lienee tehty | ei liene tehty | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | tehdä | present | tekevä | tehtävä | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | tehnyt | tehty | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | tehdessä | tehtäessä | agent4 | tekemä | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | tekemätön | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | tehden | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | tekemässä | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | tekemästä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | tekemään | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | tekemällä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | tekemättä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | tekemän | tehtämän | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | tekeminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs
Collocations
[edit]Collocations
- tehdä ero (genitive) välille ― to make/draw a distinction (between some things)
- tehdä hallaa (+ allative) ― to harm somebody/something, be harmful to, have a harmful effect on (literally, “to do frost (to)”)
- tehdä heinää ― to make hay
- tehdä historiaa ― to make history
- tehdä housuihinsa ― to go, do it in one's pants (colloquial)
- tehdä huonoa (+ first infinitive) (monopersonal, third-person singular, subject in the genitive) ― to feel bad doing something
- tehdä huorin (Biblical) ― to fornicate, commit adultery
- tehdä hyvä vaikutelma (+ illative) ― to make a good impression
- tehdä hyvää (+ first infinitive) (monopersonal, third-person singular, subject in the genitive) ― to feel good doing something
- tehdä hyvää ― to feel good
- tehdä iso numero (+ elative) ― to make big deal out of something
- tehdä itsemurha ― to commit suicide
- tehdä itsensä ymmärretyksi ― to make oneself understood
- tehdä jonkun tahto ― to obey someone (literally, “to do someone's will”)
- tehdä juoksu (sports) ― to hit a home run (literally, “to make a home run”)
- tehdä kaikkensa ― to do everything possible, do everything in one's power
- tehdä kanne (+ elative) ― to file a lawsuit, bring charges against somebody, sue
- tehdä kantelu (+ elative) ― to file a complaint
- tehdä kaupat ― to close a deal (literally, “to make trade(s)”)
- tehdä kauppansa ― to sell (well), be a hot item, go like hotcakes (literally, “to make one's trade(s)”)
- tehdä koe/testi ― to carry out, conduct a test
- tehdä kuolemaa ― to be dying
- tehdä kärpäsestä härkänen ― to make a mountain out of a molehill
- tehdä loppu (+ elative) ― to put an end, put a stop to (literally, “to make an end (of)”)
- tehdä mieliksi (+ allative) ― to try to please someone (literally, “to do to someone's opinion”)
- tehdä mieli ― to feel like (doing or having), to fancy (literally, “to feel like an opinion to”)
- tehdä oikeutta (+ allative) ― to do justice
- tehdä palvelus (+ allative) ― to do a favor
- tehdä parannus ― to repent, mend one's ways (literally, “to do a betterment”)
- tehdä parhaansa ― to do one's best
- tehdä rikos ― to commit a crime, perpetrate an offense
- tehdä ristinmerkki ― to cross oneself (literally, “to make the sign of the cross”)
- tehdä selkoa (+ elative) ― to report on something (literally, “to make clarity on”)
- tehdä selväksi ― to make clear
- tehdä sopimus ― to make an agreement
- tehdä sovinto ― to make up, become reconciled (literally, “to make a reconciliation”)
- tehdä tarpeensa ― to relieve oneself, heed the call of nature (literally, “to do one's needs”)
- tehdä tiliä (+ elative) ― to make a reckoning
- tehdä tuloaan ― to be (in the process of) coming
- tehdä työtä käskettyä ― to follow instructions (literally, “to do the work that one is told”)
- tehdä täyskäännös ― to do an about face
- tehdä vaikutus ― to impress, make an impressino
- tehdä vastarintaa ― to resist (literally, “to do resistance”)
- tehdä virhe ― to commit a mistake, make an error
- tehdä voitavansa ― to do what one can
Further reading
[edit]- “tehdä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
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[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
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- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
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- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ehdæ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ehdæ/2 syllables
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