sura

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sura"

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsʊə.ɹə/, /ˈsɔː.ɹə/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsʊ.ɹə/
• Rhymes: -ʊəɹə
• Hyphenation: su‧ra

Etymology 1

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura (plural suras or suwar)

1. Any of the 114 chapters of the Quran.
   • 1985, Kristina Nelson, The Art of Reciting the Qurʾan, Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press (2001), →ISBN, chapter 2: “Tajwīd”, page 25:

     Most of these essentially uninflected syllables (CV̄C) are names of the letters of the alphabet and introduce some of the suwar of the Qurʾanic text.

Alternative forms

• surah

Translations

chapter of the Qur'an

• Albanian: sure (sq) f
• Amharic: ሱራ (sura)
• Arabic: سُورَة (ar) f (sūra)
• Armenian: սուրահ (hy) (surah)
• Azerbaijani: surə (az)
• Bashkir: сүрә (sürə)
• Belarusian: су́ра f (súra)
• Bengali: সূরা (bn) (śura)
• Bulgarian: су́ра (bg) f (súra)
• Catalan: sura (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 蘇拉 / 苏拉 (zh) (sūlā)

• Crimean Tatar: sure
• Czech: súra (cs) f
• Danish: sura (da) c
• Dutch: soera (nl) f or m
• Esperanto: surao
• Estonian: suura
• Finnish: suura (fi)
• French: sourate (fr) f
• Georgian: ყურანის თავი (q̇uranis tavi), სურა (ka) (sura)
• German: Sure (de) f
• Greek: σουράτ (sourát)
• Hausa: sūr̃ā̀ (ha) f
• Hebrew: סוּרָה f (sura)
• Hindi: सूरा (hi) f (sūrā), सूरत (hi) f (sūrat)
• Hungarian: szúra (hu)
• Indonesian: surah (id)
• Japanese: スーラ (sūra)
• Karachay-Balkar: суура (suura)
• Karakalpak: suʻre
• Kazakh: сүре (süre)
• Korean: 수라 (ko) (sura)
• Kyrgyz: сүрөө (ky) (süröö)
• Latin: azoara f
• Latvian: sūra f
• Lithuanian: sura f
• Macedonian: су́ра f (súra)
• Malay: surah (ms)
• Nogai: суьре (süre)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sura

  Nynorsk: sura

• Pashto: سورت (ps) m (surat)
• Persian: سورِه (fa) (sure)
• Polish: sura (pl) f
• Portuguese: surata (pt) f, sura (pt) f
• Russian: су́ра (ru) f (súra)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: су̀ра f

  Roman: sùra (sh) f

• Slovak: súra f
• Slovene: sura f
• Spanish: azora (es)
• Swahili: sura (sw)
• Swedish: sura (sv) c
• Tajik: сура (sura)
• Tatar: сүрә (tt) (sürä)
• Turkish: sure (tr)
• Turkmen: sure
• Ukrainian: су́ра f (súra)
• Urdu: سُورَت f (sūrat), سُورَہ f (sūra), سُورَۃ f (sūra)
• Uyghur: سۈرە (ug) (süre)
• Uzbek: sura (uz)
• Welsh: sŵra

Etymology 2

Via Hindi सुरा (surā, “wine”), ultimately from Sanskrit सुरा (surā).

Noun

sura (uncountable)

1. The sap of the palmyra or of the coconut palm, palm wine.

Anagrams

• asur, -saur, USRA, 'saur, USAR, Ruas, URAs, saur

Alangan

Noun

surâ

1. fish

Balinese

Romanization

sura

1. Romanization of ᬲᬸᬭ
2. Romanization of ᬲᬸᬭᬵ
3. Romanization of ᬰᬹᬭ

Bantayanon

Etymology

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ra

Adverb

sura

1. then; and then

Catalan

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈsu.ɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈsu.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -uɾa

Noun

sura f (plural sures)

1. (Islam) sura

Further reading

• “sura” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Etymology 2

Verb

sura

1. inflection of surar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ra
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuɾa/ [ˈs̪u.ɾ̪ɐ]

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Verb

sura

1. to tease

Etymology 2

From Bantayanon sura.

Noun

sura

1. (chiefly Bantayan island) then; and then

Danish

Etymology

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura c (singular definite suraen, plural indefinite suraer)

1. (Islam) sura

Declension

Declension of sura

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sura	suraen	suraer	suraerne
genitive	suras	suraens	suraers	suraernes

References

• “sura” in Den Danske Ordbog

Hausa

Etymology 1

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /súː.ràː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [súː.ràː]

Noun

sūr̃ā̀ f (plural sūr̃ōr̃ī, possessed form sūr̃àr̃)

1. (Islam) sura

Etymology 2

From Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /súː.ràː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [súː.ràː]

Noun

sūr̃ā̀ f (plural sūr̃ōr̃ī, possessed form sūr̃àr̃)

1. image, picture, form, appearance

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sùː.ráː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sùː.ráː]

Verb

sū̀r̃ā (grade 3)

1. swoop down to grab something

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sura m (genitive singular sura)

1. (textiles) surah (soft twilled silk)

Declension

Declension of sura (fourth declension, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative sura vocative a shura genitive sura dative sura forms with the definite article case singular nominative an sura genitive an tsura dative leis an sura don sura

Mutation

Mutated forms of sura

radical	lenition	eclipsis
sura	shura after an, tsura	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sura”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sura”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ra/
• Rhymes: -ura
• Hyphenation: sù‧ra

Etymology 1

From Latin sūra.

Noun

sura f (plural sure)

1. (anatomy) calf

Etymology 2

from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura f (plural sure)

1. (Islam) sura

Japanese

Romanization

sura

1. Rōmaji transcription of すら

Javanese

Romanization

sura

1. Romanization of ꦱꦸꦫ

Latin

Etymology

Possibly related to sū̆rus (“t-branch, stake”) or from a Proto-Indo-European root common to Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “part of a sacrificial victim”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsuː.ra/, [ˈs̠uːrä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ra/, [ˈsuːrä]

Noun

sūra f (genitive sūrae); first declension

1. calf (of the leg)

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	sūra	sūrae
genitive	sūrae	sūrārum
dative	sūrae	sūrīs
accusative	sūram	sūrās
ablative	sūrā	sūrīs
vocative	sūra	sūrae

Derived terms

• Sulla
• Sūra
• surula

References

• “sura”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Maltese

Root
s-w-r
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuː.ra/

Noun

sura f (plural suriet)

1. image
2. picture
3. photograph

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

sura m (definite singular suraen, indefinite plural suraer, definite plural suraene)

1. Alternative form of sure

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

sura m (definite singular suraen, indefinite plural suraer or suraar, definite plural suraene or suraane)

1. Alternative form of sure

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुर (sura, “god, divine, deity; idol; thirty-three; sage, learned man; the image of a god, an idol; sun”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su.ra/
• Rhymes: -ra
• Homophones: sura, surā, śūra
• Hyphenation: su‧ra

Noun

sura

1. god, deity

Adjective

sura

1. divine, celestial

Descendants

• > Javanese: ꦱꦸꦫ (sura) (inherited)
• → Balinese: ᬲᬸᬭ (sura)

Further reading

• "sura" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ura
• Syllabification: su‧ra

Noun

sura f

1. (Islam) sura

Declension

Declension of sura

	singular	plural
nominative	sura	sury
genitive	sury	sur
dative	surze	surom
accusative	surę	sury
instrumental	surą	surami
locative	surze	surach
vocative	suro	sury

Further reading

• sura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sura in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romani

Etymology

Probably from Armenian սուր (sur, “sword”).

Noun

sura ? (plural sur)

1. sword

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “սուր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

Sardinian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsura/

Preposition

sura

1. (Logudorese) Alternative form of subra

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “súpra”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuɾa/ [ˈsu.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -uɾa
• Syllabification: su‧ra

Noun

sura m (plural suras)

1. sura

Further reading

• “sura”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura class IX (plural sura class X)

1. chapter
2. sura (chapter of the Qur'an)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra).

Noun

sura class IX (plural sura class X)

1. appearance, look
2. face

   Synonym: uso

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²sʉːra/
• Rhymes: -²ʉːra

Etymology 1

Derivation of adjective sur.

Adjective

sura

1. inflection of sur:
   1. definite singular
   2. plural

Verb

sura (present surar, preterite surade, supine surat, imperative sura)

1. to sulk
   • 1920, August Strindberg, Efterslåtter‎^[1]:

     Vad går du här ensam omkring och surar för? frågade honom en gammal apa, som satt för sig själv och knäckte nötter.

     "Why are you here alone sulking? he was asked by an old monkey, sitting by himself cracking nuts.
     "Most likely he was sulking because she had told him to be ashamed of himself."

   • 2000, Roger Borgelid, Svenska Dagbladet - Människan bakom miljonleendet‎^[2]:

     Det var inte länge sedan [han] framstod som en arrogant diva med taskigt humör, en dålig förlorare som surade över en missad tiometersputt,...

     "It was not long ago that he was seen as an arrogant diva with a bad temper, a poor loser who would sulk if he missed a ten-meterputt, ..."

Usage notes

Past participle is basically non-existent for semantic/pragmatic reasons.

Conjugation

Conjugation of sura (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	sura		—
supine	surat		—
imperative	sura		—
imper. plural1	suren		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	surar	surade	—	—
ind. plural1	sura	surade	—	—
subjunctive2	sure	surade	—	—
present participle		surande
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

See also

• försura
• syra (“make (more) sour”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura c

1. sura (chapter of the Qur'an)
   • 2004, Göteborgsposten - Nu skall den ene vara den andres fiende‎^[3]:

     Koranens 21:a sura berättar att Abraham irriterades över sin pappas och dennes underlydandes avgudadyrkan:...

     "The 21st sura of the Qur'an relates that Abraham was irritated by the idolatry of his daddy and his employees:...

Declension

Declension of sura

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	sura	suras
	definite	suran	surans
plural	indefinite	suror	surors
	definite	surorna	surornas

See also

• Koranen (“the Qur'an”)

References

• sura in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sura in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sura in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• rusa

Tetum

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

sura

1. to count

Further reading

• Fransiskus Monteiro (1985) Kamus Tetun-Indonesia [Tetum-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

Uzbek

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	сура‍
Latin	sura‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)

sura (plural suralar)

1. (Islam) sura

Declension

Declension of sura

	singular	plural
nominative	sura	suralar
genitive	suraning	suralarning
dative	suraga	suralarga
definite accusative	surani	suralarni
locative	surada	suralarda
ablative	suradan	suralardan
similative	suradek	suralardek

Possessive forms of sura

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	suram	suralarim
genitive	suramning	suralarimning
dative	suramga	suralarimga
definite accusative	suramni	suralarimni
locative	suramda	suralarimda
ablative	suramdan	suralarimdan
similative	suramdek	suralarimdek
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	surang	suralaring
genitive	surangning	suralaringning
dative	surangga	suralaringga
definite accusative	surangni	suralaringni
locative	surangda	suralaringda
ablative	surangdan	suralaringdan
similative	surangdek	suralaringdek
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	surasi	suralari
genitive	surasining	suralarining
dative	surasiga	suralariga
definite accusative	surasini	suralarini
locative	surasida	suralarida
ablative	surasidan	suralaridan
similative	surasidek	suralaridek
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	suramiz	suralarimiz
genitive	suramizning	suralarimizning
dative	suramizga	suralarimizga
definite accusative	suramizni	suralarimizni
locative	suramizda	suralarimizda
ablative	suramizdan	suralarimizdan
similative	suramizdek	suralarimizdek
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	surangiz	suralaringiz
genitive	surangizning	suralaringizning
dative	surangizga	suralaringizga
definite accusative	surangizni	suralaringizni
locative	surangizda	suralaringizda
ablative	surangizdan	suralaringizdan
similative	surangizdek	suralaringizdek
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	surasi	suralari
genitive	surasining	suralarining
dative	surasiga	suralariga
definite accusative	surasini	suralarini
locative	surasida	suralarida
ablative	surasidan	suralaridan
similative	surasidek	suralaridek

Zaghawa

Noun

sura

1. lion

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad