bate
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle English baten (“to abate”), an aphetic form of abaten.
Verb
[edit]bate (third-person singular simple present bates, present participle bating, simple past and past participle bated)
- (transitive) To reduce the force of something; to abate.
- 1717, John Dryden, “Book I. [The Transformation of Daphne into a Laurel.]”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 23:
- Ah, left ſome Thorn ſhoul'd pierce thy tender Foot, / Or thou ſhoul'dſt fall in flying my purſuit! / To ſharp uneven Ways thy ſteps decline; / Abate thy Speed, and I will bate of mine.
- (transitive) To restrain, usually with the sense of being in anticipation
- 1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “Home and Its Sorrows”, in Adam Bede […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book first, page 66:
- […] and to his dying day he bated his breath a little when he told the story of the stroke with the willow wand.
- (transitive, sometimes figuratively) To cut off, remove, take away.
- 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVII.] CHAP. XVIII. The manner of planting, ordering, and dressing Olive trees. Also which be the conuenient times for graffing.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 521:
- Also about Autumne bate the earth from about the roots of Olives, and lay them bare, but in stead thereof put good mucke thereto.
- 1674, [Richard Allestree], “Of Positiveness”, in The Government of the Tongue. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Theater, →OCLC, page 197:
- Nay, if he be of a proud humour, […] he will not Bate an Ace of abſolute certainty, but however doubtful or improbable the thing is, coming f[r]om him it muſt go for an indiſputable truth.
- (archaic, transitive) To leave out, except, bar.
- c. 1608–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Maid’s Tragedy”, in Fifty Comedies and Tragedies. […], [part 1], London: […] J[ohn] Macock [and H. Hills], for John Martyn, Henry Herringman, and Richard Marriot, published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 2, column 2:
- Bate the King, and be he fleſh and blood, / He lyes that ſaies it, thy mother at fifteen / Was black and ſinful to her.
- 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 7, column 1:
- Bate (I beſeech you) widdow Dido.
- To waste away.
- c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:
- Bardoll, am I not falne away vilely ſince this laſt action? do I not bate? do I not dwindle? Why, my skinne hangs about me like an old Ladies looſe gowne.
- To deprive of.
- a. 1634 (date written), George Herbert, “The Church Porch”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Complete Works in Verse and Prose of George Herbert. […] (The Fuller Worthies’ Library), volume I (Verse), London: […] [Robson and Sons] for private circulation, published 1874, →OCLC, page 20:
- When baseness is exalted, do not bate / The place its honour for the person's sake; […]
- To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or reducing; to abate; to beat down; to lower.
- 1691, [John Locke], Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], published 1692, →OCLC, page 113:
- [W]hen the Landholder's Rent falls, he muſt either bate the Labourer's Wages, or not imploy, or not pay him; which either way makes him feel the want of Money.
- To allow by way of abatement or deduction.
- 1649, J[ohn] Milton, “Vpon His Penitentiall Meditations and Vowes at Holmby”, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC, pages 202–203:
- Theſe are the conditions of his treating with God, to whom he bates nothing or what he ſtood upon with the Parlament: as if Commiſſions of Array could deale with him alſo.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]References
[edit]- Robert Hunter, Charles Morris, editors (1897), Universal Dictionary of the English Language, volume 1, page 459
Etymology 2
[edit]
- Noun: From the verb, or directly from the noun debate.
- Verb: From Middle English bate (“contention”), from Old French batre (French battre), from Latin battere.
Noun
[edit]bate (uncountable)
- Strife; contention.
- c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 84:
- […] and weares his Boot very ſmooth, like vnto the Signe of the Legge; and breedes no bate with telling of diſcreete stories:
- 1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, now Entituled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:
- So the strife redoubled and the weapons together clashed and ceased not bate and debate and naught was to be seen but blood flowing and necks bowing; […]
- 1911, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The New Machiavelli, London: John Lane; The Bodley Head […], →OCLC:
- The other merely needs jealousy and bate, of which there are great and easily accessible reservoirs in every human heart.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate (third-person singular simple present bates, present participle bating, simple past and past participle bated)
- (intransitive) To contend or strive with blows or arguments.
- (intransitive, falconry) Of a falcon: To flap the wings vigorously; to bait.
- 1486, Juliana Berners, Book of Saint Albans:
- The fiꝛſt is holde faſt at all timys, and ſpecially whan ſhe batith. It is calde batyng, for ſhe batith with hiꝛ ſelfe moſt oftyn cauſeles[.]
- 1600, Francis Bacon, letter to Queen Elizabeth, upon the sending of a new-year's gift:
- I am like a hawk , that bates , when I see occasion of service , but cannot fly because I am tied to another's fist
Translations
[edit]See also
[edit]- (to contend or strive with blows or arguments): bait.
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Swedish beta (“maceration, tanning”).
Noun
[edit]bate (plural bates)
- An alkaline lye which neutralizes the effect of the previous application of lime, and makes hides supple in the process of tanning.
- 1888, Popular Science, volume 34, number 10, page 287:
- The process of unliming hides and skins in tanning has been a slow and disgusting one, consisting in soaking the skins in a bath of manure in water, called bate.
- A vat which contains this liquid.
Translations
[edit]
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Verb
[edit]bate (third-person singular simple present bates, present participle bating, simple past and past participle bated)
Translations
[edit]
|
References
[edit]- Robert Hunter, Charles Morris, editors (1897), Universal Dictionary of the English Language, volume 1, page 459
Etymology 4
[edit]Formed by analogy with eat → ate or other Class 5 strong verbs (compare gave, obsolete spake, etc.), with which it shares an analogous past participle (eaten → beaten).
Verb
[edit]bate
- (obsolete or nonstandard) simple past of beat; = beat.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 13:
- Fitzpatrick, now perceiving […] that he had made a very unfortunate mistake, began to ask many pardons of the lady; and then, turning to Jones, he said, “I would have you take notice I do not ask your pardon, for you have bate me; for which I am resolved to have your blood in the morning.”
- 2008 October 20, Lee Aronsohn, David Goetsch, Steven Molaro, Bill Prady, “The Euclid Alternative”, in The Big Bang Theory, season 2, episode 5, Chuck Lorre Productions, via Warner Bros. Television and CBS:
- Leonard: Penny’s taking you to the DMV; I’m going to bed.
Sheldon: Why Penny?
Leonard: Because rock bate scissors. Goodnight.
Translations
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate (third-person singular simple present bates, present participle bating, simple past and past participle bated)
- (intransitive, slang) Clipping of masturbate.
Translations
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate m (plural bates)
- bat (club)
Crow
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate
- male-bodied person who dresses and lives as a woman
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Integration of Crow Indian Culture, in Cultural Anthropology, page 11: The aggressive vigor and virility of man, in the Crow view, stood in profound opposition to the passivity and weakness of woman. Young men who failed the test of the war raid had "nothing to say or do in any public business whatever" but had to endure biting obscenities which linked their personalities to the flaccid qualities of woman. The bate, male transvestites, were no exception. Bate were "crazy" people with whom one could have some fun, a sexual escapade perhaps, and they might be married because they excelled women in butchering, tanning, and other domestic tasks. But they never were honored, and when a bate raised a gun against the enemy, the Crow remembered it as a signal event.
- Sabine Lang, Men as Women, Women as Men →ISBN, 2010):
Page 117: The attempt of an Indian agent on the Crow Reservation around the turn of the century to induce Osh-Tisch, one of the three surviving bate, to put on men's clothing was unsuccessful (Williams 1986b:179). The other Crows protested, "saying it was against his [sic] nature".
Page 187: Apart from enduring relationships, intercourse with women has sometimes been represented as being possible for [...] the Crow bate. - Walter L. Williams, The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture:
- Joe Medicine Crow, an elder in the Baptist church on the Montana reservation of the Crows, is also keeper of the tribal history among traditionalists. He [....] explained the incident with the BIA agents: "One agent in the late 1890s was named Briskow [...] He tried to interfere with Osh-Tisch, who was the most respected bade. The agent incarcerated the bades, cut off their hair, made them wear men's clothing. He forced the to do manual labor, planting these trees that you see here on the BIA grounds. The people were so upset with this that Chief Pretty Eagle came into Crow Agency, and told Briskow to leave the reservation. It was a tragedy, trying to change them. Briskow was crazy." Considering how little power Indians had on their reservations at the beginning of the century, the strength of the Crows' protest, forcing the agent to resign, is remarkable.
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]bate
Noun
[edit]bate
Anagrams
[edit]Fingallian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with English beat (“patrolled route”).
Noun
[edit]bate
- direction, course, track
- A NORTH-COUNTY DUBLIN CLOSSARY:
- What bate are you on now = where are you going and why ? The dog is on some bate = is finding or following a scent.
- A NORTH-COUNTY DUBLIN CLOSSARY:
References
[edit]- J. J. Hogan and Patrick C. O'Neill (1947) Béaloideas Iml. 17, Uimh 1/2, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Eireann/Folklore of lreland Society, page 264
Galician
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate
- inflection of bater:
Garo
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Postposition
[edit]bate
- (follows dative case -na) more than
Gonja
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Gikyode bangadɛ, Chumburung bɔŋko̱rɔŋ.
Noun
[edit]bate (plural abate)
Khumi Chin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[1], Payap University, page 74
Kitanemuk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa. Cognate with Serrano bate.
Noun
[edit]bāte
References
[edit]- Kroeber, Shoshonean Dialects of California, in University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology, volume 4, page 81
Latin
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate
Lindu
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate
- Alternative form of bot (“boat”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate
- Alternative form of baten (“to beat”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate
- Alternative form of baten (“to abate”)
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bāte
- inflection of bāt:
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]bate
- inflection of bater:
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin battere, from earlier battuere. Compare Aromanian bat. First attested in the 16th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]a bate (third-person singular present bate, past participle bătut) 3rd conjugation
- (transitive) to beat (repeatedly hit for various purposes)
- a bate la ușă ― to knock on the door
- a bate untul ― to churn butter
- a bate la tălpi ― to administer a foot whipping
- a bate la mașină ― to type on a typewriter
- (transitive or reciprocal) to beat (give a beating)
- (transitive, colloquial) to defeat
- (intransitive, of the heart) to beat
- (transitive, of the wind) to blow
- (transitive, of the sun) to shine
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | a bate | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | bătând | ||||||
past participle | bătut | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | bat | bați | bate | batem | bateți | bat | |
imperfect | băteam | băteai | bătea | băteam | băteați | băteau | |
simple perfect | bătui | bătuși | bătu | băturăm | băturăți | bătură | |
pluperfect | bătusem | bătuseși | bătuse | bătuserăm | bătuserăți | bătuseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să bat | să bați | să bată | să batem | să bateți | să bată | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | bate | bateți | |||||
negative | nu bate | nu bateți |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- bate in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate (Cyrillic spelling бате)
Serrano
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.
Noun
[edit]bāte
References
[edit]- Kroeber, Shoshonean Dialects of California, in University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology, volume 4, page 81
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate m (plural bates)
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]bate m (plural bates)
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate
- inflection of batir:
Further reading
[edit]- “bate”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Walloon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French batre, from Late Latin battō, battere, alternative form of Latin battuō, battuere (“beat, pound; fight”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bate
- (pronominal) to fight
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/eɪt
- Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with archaic senses
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English intransitive verbs
- en:Falconry
- English terms borrowed from Swedish
- English terms derived from Swedish
- English countable nouns
- English non-lemma forms
- English verb forms
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English nonstandard terms
- English slang
- English clippings
- en:Hides
- en:Masturbation
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian nouns
- Asturian masculine nouns
- Crow lemmas
- Crow nouns
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Dutch noun case forms
- Fingallian lemmas
- Fingallian nouns
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Garo lemmas
- Garo postpositions
- Garo terms with usage examples
- Gonja lemmas
- Gonja nouns
- gjn:Mammals
- Khumi Chin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Khumi Chin lemmas
- Khumi Chin nouns
- Kitanemuk terms inherited from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Kitanemuk terms derived from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Kitanemuk lemmas
- Kitanemuk nouns
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin noun forms
- Lindu lemmas
- Lindu nouns
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English verbs
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English noun forms
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/at͡ʃi
- Rhymes:Portuguese/at͡ʃi/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/atɨ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/atɨ/2 syllables
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/ate
- Rhymes:Romanian/ate/2 syllables
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian verbs
- Romanian verbs in 3rd conjugation
- Romanian transitive verbs
- Romanian terms with collocations
- Romanian reciprocal verbs
- Romanian colloquialisms
- Romanian intransitive verbs
- Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms
- Serbo-Croatian noun forms
- Serrano terms inherited from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Serrano terms derived from Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Serrano lemmas
- Serrano nouns
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/ate
- Rhymes:Spanish/ate/2 syllables
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Sports
- Honduran Spanish
- Spanish slang
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- es:Recreational drugs
- Walloon terms inherited from Old French
- Walloon terms derived from Old French
- Walloon terms inherited from Late Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Late Latin
- Walloon terms inherited from Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Latin
- Walloon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Walloon lemmas
- Walloon verbs