rumen

See also: Rumen, rúmen, rùmén, rūmen, and rumeň

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rūmen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹu.mən/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːmən

Noun

rumen (plural rumina or rumens)

1. The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.

   Synonyms: paunch, fack, fardingbag

   Hypernyms: compartment, tripe

   Coordinate terms: abomasum, omasum, reticulum

   • 2013 [1966], Robert E. Hungate, The Rumen and Its Microbes, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 162:

     In the newborn ruminant the abomasum is about as large as the rumen and remains relatively large as long as only milk is consumed (Brugnone, 1809). As the young ruminant consumes forages, the reticulum, and particularly the rumen, develop rapidly.

Related terms

• rumenic
• ruminal
• ruminant
• ruminate

Translations

first stomach of ruminants

• Amharic: please add this translation if you can
• Arabic: كَرِش f (kariš)
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Aromanian: please add this translation if you can
• Breton: sac'hig (br) m
• Bulgarian: търбух (bg) m (tǎrbuh)
• Catalan: rumen m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 瘤胃 (zh) (liúwèi)

• Czech: bachor (cs) m
• Danish: vom c
• Dutch: pens (nl) m
• Faroese: vomb f
• Finnish: pötsi (fi)
• French: panse (fr) f, rumen (fr) m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Pansen (de) m, Wanst (de) m
• Greek: προστόμαχος m (prostómachos)
• Hebrew: כרס (he) m (karés), המסס m (hemsés)
• Hindi: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: bendő (hu)
• Italian: rumine (it) m
• Japanese: ミノ (mino)
• Korean: 혹위 (hogwi), 제1 위 (jeil wi)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: وِرگ (wirg)

• Latin: rūmen n, ingluviēs f
• Macedonian: please add this translation if you can
• Malay: rumen
• Malayalam: please add this translation if you can
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Old Slovak: bachor m
• Persian: شکمبه (fa) (šekambe), سیرابی (fa) (sirâbi)
• Polish: żwacz (pl) m
• Portuguese: rúmen m
• Romanian: rumen (ro) n
• Russian: рубе́ц (ru) m (rubéc)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: bùrāg (sh) m

  Latin: бу̀ра̄г m

• Slovak: bachor (sk) m
• Slovene: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: panza (es) f, rumen (es) m
• Swedish: vom (sv) c, våm (sv) c
• Tamil: please add this translation if you can
• Telugu: please add this translation if you can
• Tigre: please add this translation if you can
• Tigrinya: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish:

  Arabic: اشكمبه (işkembe), شكمبه (şkembe)

  Latin: işkembe (tr), şkembe

• Ukrainian: please add this translation if you can
• Vietnamese: dạ cỏ
• Walloon: panse (wa) f
• Welsh: blaenstumog f, rwmen f, y god fawr f (colloquial)

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rūmen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁy.mɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

rumen m (plural rumens)

1. rumen (stomach)

Further reading

• “rumen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Adjective

rumen

1. Romanian

Latin

Alternative forms

• rūma

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *roug(s)mən ~ *rug(s)mən, of somewhat disputed origin. Probably from the root of *rūgō +‎ -men, attested in ērūgō, rūctō (“I belch”) and rugiō (“I roar, rumble, bray”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, *h₁rewǵ- (“to belch”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “I spew out, discharge, belch, bellow”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “I vomit, am nauseated”), Proto-Germanic *reukaną (“to smoke, emit vapor”) (modern English reek).

Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *sréwmn̥, from the root *srew- (“to flow”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) See also Rōma and flūmen, which are sometimes hypothesized as from the same source.
A third possibility is a relationship with Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). If not coincidental, it may be equally likely that the Etruscan word was borrowed from Latin.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈruː.men/, [ˈruːmɛn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.men/, [ˈruːmen]

Noun

rūmen n (genitive rūminis); third declension

1. throat, gullet
2. (anatomy) rumen (first stomach of a ruminant)

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	rūmen	rūmina
genitive	rūminis	rūminum
dative	rūminī	rūminibus
accusative	rūmen	rūmina
ablative	rūmine	rūminibus
vocative	rūmen	rūmina

Derived terms

• rūminātiō
• rūminō
• rūminor

Descendants

• → Catalan: rumen
• → English: rumen
• → Italian: rumine

References

• “rumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• rumen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• rumen in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌrʉˈmeːn/

Noun

rumen m (definite singular rumenen, indefinite plural rumenar, definite plural rumenane)

1. (pre-2012) alternative form of rumenar

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French rumen.

Noun

rumen n (plural rumene)

1. rumen

Declension

Declension of rumen

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	rumen	rumenul		rumene	rumenele
genitive-dative	rumen	rumenului		rumene	rumenelor
vocative	rumenule			rumenelor

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic роумѣнъ (ruměnŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ (“ruddy”). Compare Bulgarian румен (rumen), Serbo-Croatian rumen.

Adjective

rumen m or n (feminine singular rumenă, masculine plural rumeni, feminine and neuter plural rumene)

1. ruddy

Declension

Declension of rumen

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	rumen		rumenă		rumeni	rumene
	definite	rumenul		rumena		rumenii	rumenele
genitive- dative	indefinite	rumen		rumene		rumeni	rumene
	definite	rumenului		rumenei		rumenilor	rumenelor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rǔmen/
• Hyphenation: ru‧men

Adjective

rùmen (Cyrillic spelling ру̀мен, definite rùmenī, comparative rumeniji)

1. rosy, ruddy, pink
2. reddish, red

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rumen	rumena	rumeno
genitive		rumena	rumene	rumena
dative		rumenu	rumenoj	rumenu
accusative	inanimate animate	rumen rumena	rumenu	rumeno
vocative		rumen	rumena	rumeno
locative		rumenu	rumenoj	rumenu
instrumental		rumenim	rumenom	rumenim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rumeni	rumene	rumena
genitive		rumenih	rumenih	rumenih
dative		rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)
accusative		rumene	rumene	rumena
vocative		rumeni	rumene	rumena
locative		rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)
instrumental		rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rumeni	rumena	rumeno
genitive		rumenog(a)	rumene	rumenog(a)
dative		rumenom(u/e)	rumenoj	rumenom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	rumeni rumenog(a)	rumenu	rumeno
vocative		rumeni	rumena	rumeno
locative		rumenom(e/u)	rumenoj	rumenom(e/u)
instrumental		rumenim	rumenom	rumenim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rumeni	rumene	rumena
genitive		rumenih	rumenih	rumenih
dative		rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)
accusative		rumene	rumene	rumena
vocative		rumeni	rumene	rumena
locative		rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)
instrumental		rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)	rumenim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rumeniji	rumenija	rumenije
genitive		rumenijeg(a)	rumenije	rumenijeg(a)
dative		rumenijem(u)	rumenijoj	rumenijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	rumeniji rumenijeg(a)	rumeniju	rumenije
vocative		rumeniji	rumenija	rumenije
locative		rumenijem(u)	rumenijoj	rumenijem(u)
instrumental		rumenijim	rumenijom	rumenijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rumeniji	rumenije	rumenija
genitive		rumenijih	rumenijih	rumenijih
dative		rumenijim(a)	rumenijim(a)	rumenijim(a)
accusative		rumenije	rumenije	rumenija
vocative		rumeniji	rumenije	rumenija
locative		rumenijim(a)	rumenijim(a)	rumenijim(a)
instrumental		rumenijim(a)	rumenijim(a)	rumenijim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najrumeniji	najrumenija	najrumenije
genitive		najrumenijeg(a)	najrumenije	najrumenijeg(a)
dative		najrumenijem(u)	najrumenijoj	najrumenijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najrumeniji najrumenijeg(a)	najrumeniju	najrumenije
vocative		najrumeniji	najrumenija	najrumenije
locative		najrumenijem(u)	najrumenijoj	najrumenijem(u)
instrumental		najrumenijim	najrumenijom	najrumenijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najrumeniji	najrumenije	najrumenija
genitive		najrumenijih	najrumenijih	najrumenijih
dative		najrumenijim(a)	najrumenijim(a)	najrumenijim(a)
accusative		najrumenije	najrumenije	najrumenija
vocative		najrumeniji	najrumenije	najrumenija
locative		najrumenijim(a)	najrumenijim(a)	najrumenijim(a)
instrumental		najrumenijim(a)	najrumenijim(a)	najrumenijim(a)

Further reading

• “rumen”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Etymology 2

Nominalized from the previous sense.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rûmeːn/
• Hyphenation: ru‧men

Noun

rȕmēn f (Cyrillic spelling ру̏ме̄н)

1. (uncountable) rosiness

Declension

Declension of rumen

	singular
nominative	rumen
genitive	rumeni
dative	rumeni
accusative	rumen
vocative	rumeni
locative	rumeni
instrumental	rumeni

Further reading

• “rumen”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

See also

Colors in Serbo-Croatian · boje / боје (layout · text)

bijel / бијел, beo / бео	siv / сив, sinji / сињи	crn / црн
crven / црвен, rumen / румен	narandžast / наранџаст, narančast / наранчаст; smeđ / смеђ, braon / браон	žut / жут; žut / жут
zelen / зелен	zelen / зелен
tirkizan / тиркизан, cijan / цијан; tirkizan / тиркизан	plav / плав	modar / модар
ljubičast / љубичаст; modar / модар, indigo / индиго	ljubičast / љубичаст, magenta / магента; ljubičast / љубичаст	ružičast / ружичаст, roza / роза

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ruměnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rumɛ́n/

Adjective

rumȅn (comparative bȍlj rumȅn, superlative nȁjbolj rumȅn)

1. yellow

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	rumèn	rumêna	rumêno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	rumèn ind rumêni def	rumêna	rumêno
genitive	rumênega	rumêne	rumênega
dative	rumênemu	rumêni	rumênemu
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	rumêno	rumêno
locative	rumênem	rumêni	rumênem
instrumental	rumênim	rumêno	rumênim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	rumêna	rumêni	rumêni
genitive	rumênih	rumênih	rumênih
dative	rumênima	rumênima	rumênima
accusative	rumêna	rumêni	rumêni
locative	rumênih	rumênih	rumênih
instrumental	rumênima	rumênima	rumênima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	rumêni	rumêne	rumêna
genitive	rumênih	rumênih	rumênih
dative	rumênim	rumênim	rumênim
accusative	rumêne	rumêne	rumêna
locative	rumênih	rumênih	rumênih
instrumental	rumênimi	rumênimi	rumênimi

Derived terms

• rumenják

See also

Colors in Slovene · barve (layout · text)

bela	siva	črna
rdeča; škrlatna	oranžna; rjava	rumena; krem
svetlozelena, limeta	zelena
sinja, cian; turkizna	azurna	modra
vijolična; indigo	magenta, fuksija; vijolična, lila	roza, rožnata

Further reading

• “rumen”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “rumen”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrumen/ [ˈru.mẽn]
• Rhymes: -umen
• Syllabification: ru‧men

Noun

rumen m (plural rúmenes)

1. rumen
   • 2022 November 10, María Teresa Paramio, “¿Es nueva la producción de alimentos en macrogranjas?”, in El País‎^[2]:

     El amoniaco procede de las heces y la orina de los animales; el CO₂ de su respiración y el metano lo expulsan los rumiantes por la boca, no por las ventosidades, como se dice frecuentemente, debido a la fermentación de los alimentos en su rumen, que es una de las partes del aparato digestivo de los rumiantes.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Related terms

• rumiante

See also

• panza