ructo

Latin

Etymology

From *rūgō (to belch, whence rū̆ctus (“belch”) and ērūgō) +‎ -tō (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“belch, roar”). Cognate with Old English rocettan (“to belch”) and Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “to belch, vomit, emit”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈruːk.toː/, [ˈruːkt̪oː] or IPA^(key): /ˈruk.toː/, [ˈrʊkt̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈruk.to/, [ˈrukt̪o]
The u in the first syllable is short per De Vaan (2008)^[1] and Wartburg (1928–2002);^[2] long per Bennett (1907)^[3] (who however says that there is Romance evidence for both long ū and short ŭ).

Verb

rū̆ctō (present infinitive rū̆ctāre, perfect active rū̆ctāvī, supine rū̆ctātum); first conjugation

to belch, eructate
(figurative) to bring up noisily

Conjugation

Conjugation of rū̆ctō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	rū̆ctō	rū̆ctās		rū̆ctat	rū̆ctāmus	rū̆ctātis		rū̆ctant
	imperfect	rū̆ctābam	rū̆ctābās		rū̆ctābat	rū̆ctābāmus	rū̆ctābātis		rū̆ctābant
	future	rū̆ctābō	rū̆ctābis		rū̆ctābit	rū̆ctābimus	rū̆ctābitis		rū̆ctābunt
	perfect	rū̆ctāvī	rū̆ctāvistī		rū̆ctāvit	rū̆ctāvimus	rū̆ctāvistis		rū̆ctāvērunt, rū̆ctāvēre
	pluperfect	rū̆ctāveram	rū̆ctāverās		rū̆ctāverat	rū̆ctāverāmus	rū̆ctāverātis		rū̆ctāverant
	future perfect	rū̆ctāverō	rū̆ctāveris		rū̆ctāverit	rū̆ctāverimus	rū̆ctāveritis		rū̆ctāverint
passive	present	rū̆ctor	rū̆ctāris, rū̆ctāre		rū̆ctātur	rū̆ctāmur	rū̆ctāminī		rū̆ctantur
	imperfect	rū̆ctābar	rū̆ctābāris, rū̆ctābāre		rū̆ctābātur	rū̆ctābāmur	rū̆ctābāminī		rū̆ctābantur
	future	rū̆ctābor	rū̆ctāberis, rū̆ctābere		rū̆ctābitur	rū̆ctābimur	rū̆ctābiminī		rū̆ctābuntur
	perfect	rū̆ctātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	rū̆ctātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	rū̆ctātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	rū̆ctem	rū̆ctēs		rū̆ctet	rū̆ctēmus	rū̆ctētis		rū̆ctent
	imperfect	rū̆ctārem	rū̆ctārēs		rū̆ctāret	rū̆ctārēmus	rū̆ctārētis		rū̆ctārent
	perfect	rū̆ctāverim	rū̆ctāverīs		rū̆ctāverit	rū̆ctāverīmus	rū̆ctāverītis		rū̆ctāverint
	pluperfect	rū̆ctāvissem	rū̆ctāvissēs		rū̆ctāvisset	rū̆ctāvissēmus	rū̆ctāvissētis		rū̆ctāvissent
passive	present	rū̆cter	rū̆ctēris, rū̆ctēre		rū̆ctētur	rū̆ctēmur	rū̆ctēminī		rū̆ctentur
	imperfect	rū̆ctārer	rū̆ctārēris, rū̆ctārēre		rū̆ctārētur	rū̆ctārēmur	rū̆ctārēminī		rū̆ctārentur
	perfect	rū̆ctātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	rū̆ctātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	rū̆ctā		—	—	rū̆ctāte		—
active	future	—	rū̆ctātō		rū̆ctātō	—	rū̆ctātōte		rū̆ctantō
passive	present	—	rū̆ctāre		—	—	rū̆ctāminī		—
passive	future	—	rū̆ctātor		rū̆ctātor	—	—		rū̆ctantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		rū̆ctāre		rū̆ctārī		rū̆ctāns		—
future		rū̆ctātūrum esse		rū̆ctātum īrī		rū̆ctātūrus		rū̆ctandus
perfect		rū̆ctāvisse		rū̆ctātum esse		—		rū̆ctātus
future perfect		—		rū̆ctātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		rū̆ctātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		rū̆ctandī	rū̆ctandō		rū̆ctandum	rū̆ctandō	rū̆ctātum		rū̆ctātū

Derived terms

ērū̆ctō

Related terms

rū̆ctor

Descendants

Italo-Romance:
- Italian: ruttare
- Neapolitan: gruttà
North Italian:
- Emilian: rugiar
- Ligurian: reuitâ, ruis-cé, ris-cià ⇒ rutexâr
- Lombard: ruitar ⇒ rotexar
  Alpine: ruciar
- Piedmontese: rutié, rocià, rugé
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: rutiar, rutar
⇒ Latin: ērūctō
- Italo-Romance:
  - Italian: eruttare
  - Sicilian: arrutari
- Ibero-Romance:
  - Galician: arrotar, arruitar, arrutar, arrutiar, rotar
  - Portuguese: arrotar
- Borrowings:
  - → French: éructer
  - → Galician: eructar
  - → English: eruct, eructate
  - → Portuguese: eructar
  - → Spanish: eructar
  - → Romanian: eructa
⇒ Vulgar Latin: [Term?], *rūctīre
- Padanian:
  - Lombard: rutir
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
  - Aragonese: rutir
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ruptō
- Padanian:
  - Lombard: reucar
  - Piedmontese: rauté
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
  - Franco-Provençal: rotar
  - French: roter
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
  - Aragonese: rotar
  - Catalan: rotar
  - Occitan: rotar
    Gascon: rautar ⇒ arrautar, arrotar (from *ēruptō)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-rūgō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 529
^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rŭctare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 539
^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907) The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 64