rukka

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse hrukka, from Proto-Germanic *hrunkǭ (“wrinkle, crease”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹʊʰkːa/
• Rhymes: -ʊʰkːa

Noun

rukka f (genitive singular rukku, plural rukkur)

1. wrinkle, crease

Declension

f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rukka	rukkan	rukkur	rukkurnar
accusative	rukku	rukkuna	rukkur	rukkurnar
dative	rukku	rukkuni	rukkum	rukkunum
genitive	rukku	rukkunnar	rukka	rukkanna

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ukːɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ruk‧ka

Etymology 1

Probably a development from rukka (etymology 2), compare similar development in parka, raasu and riepu.

Noun

rukka

1. poor, pitiful person or thing

   lapsirukka ― poor child

   Pekka-rukka ― poor Pekka

Usage notes

Mostly used in compounds (e.g. with a name), but can be also used alone.

Declension

Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
nominative		rukka	rukat
genitive		rukan	rukkien
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
		singular	plural
nominative		rukka	rukat
accusative	nom.	rukka	rukat
	gen.	rukan
genitive		rukan	rukkien rukkain rare
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
inessive		rukassa	rukissa
elative		rukasta	rukista
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
adessive		rukalla	rukilla
ablative		rukalta	rukilta
allative		rukalle	rukille
essive		rukkana	rukkina
translative		rukaksi	rukiksi
abessive		rukatta	rukitta
instructive		—	rukin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkani rukkani accusative nom. rukkani rukkani gen. rukkani genitive rukkani rukkieni rukkaini rare partitive rukkaani rukkiani inessive rukassani rukissani elative rukastani rukistani illative rukkaani rukkiini adessive rukallani rukillani ablative rukaltani rukiltani allative rukalleni rukilleni essive rukkanani rukkinani translative rukakseni rukikseni abessive rukattani rukittani instructive — — comitative — rukkineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkasi rukkasi accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi gen. rukkasi genitive rukkasi rukkiesi rukkaisi rare partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi inessive rukassasi rukissasi elative rukastasi rukistasi illative rukkaasi rukkiisi adessive rukallasi rukillasi ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi allative rukallesi rukillesi essive rukkanasi rukkinasi translative rukaksesi rukiksesi abessive rukattasi rukittasi instructive — — comitative — rukkinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkamme rukkamme accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme gen. rukkamme genitive rukkamme rukkiemme rukkaimme rare partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme inessive rukassamme rukissamme elative rukastamme rukistamme illative rukkaamme rukkiimme adessive rukallamme rukillamme ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme allative rukallemme rukillemme essive rukkanamme rukkinamme translative rukaksemme rukiksemme abessive rukattamme rukittamme instructive — — comitative — rukkinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkanne rukkanne accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne gen. rukkanne genitive rukkanne rukkienne rukkainne rare partitive rukkaanne rukkianne inessive rukassanne rukissanne elative rukastanne rukistanne illative rukkaanne rukkiinne adessive rukallanne rukillanne ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne allative rukallenne rukillenne essive rukkananne rukkinanne translative rukaksenne rukiksenne abessive rukattanne rukittanne instructive — — comitative — rukkinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rukkansa rukkansa accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa gen. rukkansa genitive rukkansa rukkiensa rukkainsa rare partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan rukkiansa inessive rukassaan rukassansa rukissaan rukissansa elative rukastaan rukastansa rukistaan rukistansa illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa adessive rukallaan rukallansa rukillaan rukillansa ablative rukaltaan rukaltansa rukiltaan rukiltansa allative rukalleen rukallensa rukilleen rukillensa essive rukkanaan rukkanansa rukkinaan rukkinansa translative rukakseen rukaksensa rukikseen rukiksensa abessive rukattaan rukattansa rukittaan rukittansa instructive — — comitative — rukkineen rukkinensa

Synonyms

• parka
• raasu
• raukka
• ressu

Derived terms

compounds

• lapsirukka

Further reading

• “rukka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *rukka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz. Doublet of frakki and rukki.

Noun

rukka (dialectal)

1. reindeer fur coat

Declension

Inflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)
nominative		rukka	rukat
genitive		rukan	rukkien
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
		singular	plural
nominative		rukka	rukat
accusative	nom.	rukka	rukat
	gen.	rukan
genitive		rukan	rukkien rukkain rare
partitive		rukkaa	rukkia
inessive		rukassa	rukissa
elative		rukasta	rukista
illative		rukkaan	rukkiin
adessive		rukalla	rukilla
ablative		rukalta	rukilta
allative		rukalle	rukille
essive		rukkana	rukkina
translative		rukaksi	rukiksi
abessive		rukatta	rukitta
instructive		—	rukin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkani rukkani accusative nom. rukkani rukkani gen. rukkani genitive rukkani rukkieni rukkaini rare partitive rukkaani rukkiani inessive rukassani rukissani elative rukastani rukistani illative rukkaani rukkiini adessive rukallani rukillani ablative rukaltani rukiltani allative rukalleni rukilleni essive rukkanani rukkinani translative rukakseni rukikseni abessive rukattani rukittani instructive — — comitative — rukkineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative rukkasi rukkasi accusative nom. rukkasi rukkasi gen. rukkasi genitive rukkasi rukkiesi rukkaisi rare partitive rukkaasi rukkiasi inessive rukassasi rukissasi elative rukastasi rukistasi illative rukkaasi rukkiisi adessive rukallasi rukillasi ablative rukaltasi rukiltasi allative rukallesi rukillesi essive rukkanasi rukkinasi translative rukaksesi rukiksesi abessive rukattasi rukittasi instructive — — comitative — rukkinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkamme rukkamme accusative nom. rukkamme rukkamme gen. rukkamme genitive rukkamme rukkiemme rukkaimme rare partitive rukkaamme rukkiamme inessive rukassamme rukissamme elative rukastamme rukistamme illative rukkaamme rukkiimme adessive rukallamme rukillamme ablative rukaltamme rukiltamme allative rukallemme rukillemme essive rukkanamme rukkinamme translative rukaksemme rukiksemme abessive rukattamme rukittamme instructive — — comitative — rukkinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative rukkanne rukkanne accusative nom. rukkanne rukkanne gen. rukkanne genitive rukkanne rukkienne rukkainne rare partitive rukkaanne rukkianne inessive rukassanne rukissanne elative rukastanne rukistanne illative rukkaanne rukkiinne adessive rukallanne rukillanne ablative rukaltanne rukiltanne allative rukallenne rukillenne essive rukkananne rukkinanne translative rukaksenne rukiksenne abessive rukattanne rukittanne instructive — — comitative — rukkinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative rukkansa rukkansa accusative nom. rukkansa rukkansa gen. rukkansa genitive rukkansa rukkiensa rukkainsa rare partitive rukkaansa rukkiaan rukkiansa inessive rukassaan rukassansa rukissaan rukissansa elative rukastaan rukastansa rukistaan rukistansa illative rukkaansa rukkiinsa adessive rukallaan rukallansa rukillaan rukillansa ablative rukaltaan rukaltansa rukiltaan rukiltansa allative rukalleen rukallensa rukilleen rukillensa essive rukkanaan rukkanansa rukkinaan rukkinansa translative rukakseen rukaksensa rukikseen rukiksensa abessive rukattaan rukattansa rukittaan rukittansa instructive — — comitative — rukkineen rukkinensa

Derived terms

• rukkanen

Anagrams

• arkku, kakru, karku

Icelandic

Etymology

Borrowed from Danish rykke, from Old Norse rykkja (whence also inherited Icelandic rykkja), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrʏhka/

  Rhymes: -ʏhka

Verb

rukka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative rukkaði, supine rukkað)

1. (transitive) to collect payment from (someone)
2. (transitive) to collect (payment)
3. (transitive) to ask for, take, demand (payment), set the price at (a certain amount)

Conjugation

rukka – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að rukka
supine sagnbót		rukkað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		rukkandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	rukka	rukkaði		rukki	rukkaði
	þú	rukkar	rukkaðir		rukkir	rukkaðir
	hann, hún, það	rukkar	rukkaði		rukki	rukkaði
plural	við	rukkum	rukkuðum		rukkum	rukkuðum
	þið	rukkið	rukkuðuð		rukkið	rukkuðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	rukka	rukkuðu		rukki	rukkuðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	rukka (þú), rukkaðu
plural	þið	rukkið (þið), rukkiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

rukkast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að rukkast
supine sagnbót		rukkast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		rukkandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	rukkast	rukkaðist		rukkist	rukkaðist
	þú	rukkast	rukkaðist		rukkist	rukkaðist
	hann, hún, það	rukkast	rukkaðist		rukkist	rukkaðist
plural	við	rukkumst	rukkuðumst		rukkumst	rukkuðumst
	þið	rukkist	rukkuðust		rukkist	rukkuðust
	þeir, þær, þau	rukkast	rukkuðust		rukkist	rukkuðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	rukkast (þú), rukkastu
plural	þið	rukkist (þið), rukkisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

rukkaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	rukkaður	rukkuð	rukkað	rukkaðir	rukkaðar	rukkuð
accusative (þolfall)	rukkaðan	rukkaða	rukkað	rukkaða	rukkaðar	rukkuð
dative (þágufall)	rukkuðum	rukkaðri	rukkuðu	rukkuðum	rukkuðum	rukkuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	rukkaðs	rukkaðrar	rukkaðs	rukkaðra	rukkaðra	rukkaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	rukkaði	rukkaða	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu
accusative (þolfall)	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu
dative (þágufall)	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkaða	rukkuðu	rukkuðu	rukkuðu

Synonyms

• (collect): innheimta
• (ask for): setja upp, taka

Ingrian

Etymology

Akin to Finnish rukka.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukː, -ukːɑ
• Hyphenation: ruk‧ka

Noun

rukka

1. (in compounds) poor (one deserving pity)

Declension

Declension of rukka (type 3/koira, kk-k gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	rukka	rukat
genitive	rukan	rukkiin
partitive	rukkaa	rukkia
illative	rukkaa	rukkii
inessive	rukas	rukis
elative	rukast	rukist
allative	rukalle	rukille
adessive	rukal	rukil
ablative	rukalt	rukilt
translative	rukaks	rukiks
essive	rukkanna, rukkaan	rukkinna, rukkiin
exessive1)	rukkant	rukkint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• poikarukka
• tyttörukka

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491