Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rukkiz (“pull, jerk”) +‎ *-janą. Ultimately from the same source as *rukkōną (“to rock”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruk.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rukkijaną

1. to pull, to tug
2. to rock

Inflection

Conjugation of *rukkijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rukkijō	*rukkijaų	—	*rukkijai	?
2nd singular	*rukkīsi	*rukkijais	*rukkī	*rukkijasai	*rukkijaisau
3rd singular	*rukkīþi	*rukkijai	*rukkijaþau	*rukkijaþai	*rukkijaiþau
1st dual	*rukkijōs	*rukkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rukkijaþiz	*rukkijaiþiz	*rukkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rukkijamaz	*rukkijaim	—	*rukkijanþai	*rukkijainþau
2nd plural	*rukkīþ	*rukkijaiþ	*rukkīþ	*rukkijanþai	*rukkijainþau
3rd plural	*rukkijanþi	*rukkijain	*rukkijanþau	*rukkijanþai	*rukkijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rukkidǭ	*rukkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rukkidēz	*rukkidēdīz
3rd singular	*rukkidē	*rukkidēdī
1st dual	*rukkidēdū	*rukkidēdīw
2nd dual	*rukkidēdudiz	*rukkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rukkidēdum	*rukkidēdīm
2nd plural	*rukkidēdud	*rukkidēdīd
3rd plural	*rukkidēdun	*rukkidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*rukkijandz	*rukkidaz

Related terms

• *rukkōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *rukkijan
  • Old English: *ryċċan
    • Middle English: ricchen, riche, ruchchen, ruchen, rycchen, rychen
  • Old Saxon: *rukkian
    • Middle Low German: rucken, rüggen, rücken
      • German Low German: rücken
      • → Saterland Frisian: rukje, rukke
  • Old Dutch: *rukken
    • Middle Dutch: rucken
      • Dutch: rukken
        • Afrikaans: ruk
  • Old High German: rucken
    • Middle High German: rucken, rücken
      • German: rücken, (rucken)
• Old Norse: rykkja
  • Icelandic: rykkja
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: rykke
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: rykke, rykka
  • Swedish: rycka
  • → Middle English: *rikken
    • English: rick
    • Scots: rick