Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkōną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), from *Hrew-. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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*rukkōną[1]

  1. to move, move back and forth, rock

Inflection

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Conjugation of *rukkōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rukkō *rukkǭ — *rukkōi ?
2nd singular *rukkōsi *rukkōs *rukkō *rukkōsai *rukkōsau
3rd singular *rukkōþi *rukkō *rukkōþau *rukkōþai *rukkōþau
1st dual *rukkōs *rukkōw — — —
2nd dual *rukkōþiz *rukkōþiz *rukkōþiz — —
1st plural *rukkōmaz *rukkōm — *rukkōnþai *rukkōnþau
2nd plural *rukkōþ *rukkōþ *rukkōþ *rukkōnþai *rukkōnþau
3rd plural *rukkōnþi *rukkōn *rukkōnþau *rukkōnþai *rukkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rukkōdǭ *rukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *rukkōdēz *rukkōdēdīz
3rd singular *rukkōdē *rukkōdēdī
1st dual *rukkōdēdū *rukkōdēdīw
2nd dual *rukkōdēdudiz *rukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *rukkōdēdum *rukkōdēdīm
2nd plural *rukkōdēdud *rukkōdēdīd
3rd plural *rukkōdēdun *rukkōdēdīn
present past
participles *rukkōndz *rukkōdaz
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Descendants

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The original paradigm of *rukk- against *rug- allowed for different leveling among dialects.

References

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  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rukk/gōn- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 417
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