runco

See also: Runco

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *runkāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃runk- (“to dig out”), a nasal-infixed form of *h₃rewk- (“to dig out, till soil”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈrun.koː/, [ˈrʊŋkoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈrun.ko/, [ˈruŋko]

Verb

runcō (present infinitive runcāre, perfect active runcāvī, supine runcātum); first conjugation

1. to weed, clear of weeds
2. to weed out, thin out, root up

Conjugation

   Conjugation of runcō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	runcō		runcās		runcat		runcāmus		runcātis		runcant
	imperfect	runcābam		runcābās		runcābat		runcābāmus		runcābātis		runcābant
	future	runcābō		runcābis		runcābit		runcābimus		runcābitis		runcābunt
	perfect	runcāvī		runcāvistī		runcāvit		runcāvimus		runcāvistis		runcāvērunt, runcāvēre
	pluperfect	runcāveram		runcāverās		runcāverat		runcāverāmus		runcāverātis		runcāverant
	future perfect	runcāverō		runcāveris		runcāverit		runcāverimus		runcāveritis		runcāverint
passive	present	runcor		runcāris, runcāre		runcātur		runcāmur		runcāminī		runcantur
	imperfect	runcābar		runcābāris, runcābāre		runcābātur		runcābāmur		runcābāminī		runcābantur
	future	runcābor		runcāberis, runcābere		runcābitur		runcābimur		runcābiminī		runcābuntur
	perfect	runcātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	runcātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	runcātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	runcem		runcēs		runcet		runcēmus		runcētis		runcent
	imperfect	runcārem		runcārēs		runcāret		runcārēmus		runcārētis		runcārent
	perfect	runcāverim		runcāverīs		runcāverit		runcāverīmus		runcāverītis		runcāverint
	pluperfect	runcāvissem		runcāvissēs		runcāvisset		runcāvissēmus		runcāvissētis		runcāvissent
passive	present	runcer		runcēris, runcēre		runcētur		runcēmur		runcēminī		runcentur
	imperfect	runcārer		runcārēris, runcārēre		runcārētur		runcārēmur		runcārēminī		runcārentur
	perfect	runcātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	runcātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		runcā		—		—		runcāte		—
	future	—		runcātō		runcātō		—		runcātōte		runcantō
passive	present	—		runcāre		—		—		runcāminī		—
	future	—		runcātor		runcātor		—		—		runcantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		runcāre			runcārī			runcāns			—
future		runcātūrum esse			runcātum īrī			runcātūrus			runcandus
perfect		runcāvisse			runcātum esse			—			runcātus
future perfect		—			runcātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		runcātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		runcandī		runcandō		runcandum		runcandō		runcātum		runcātū

Derived terms

• ēruncō

Descendants

Numerous forms reflect prefixation with ad-.

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: aruc
  • Megleno-Romanian: runc
  • Romanian: arunca
  • → Albanian: rungoj
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: roncare
  • Sicilian: arrancari
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: rancar
  • Ligurian: rancâ
  • Lombard: rancar
  • Piedmontese: ranché
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: rancar, rencar, arencar, arrancar
  • Catalan: arrencar, arrancar
  • Occitan: arrancar, arranchar
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: arrincar
  • Spanish: arrancar
  • Portuguese: arrancar

References

• “runco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• runco in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• runco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.