mund
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English and Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, protection, security”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /mʊnd/, /mʌnd/
Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -ʊnd, -ʌnd
Noun
[edit]mund (countable and uncountable, plural munds)
- (obsolete) A hand.
- (obsolete) Security, granted by a king or earl, the violation of which was punished by a fine (a mundbyrd).
- (obsolete) Protection; guardianship.
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Albanian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Uncertain: Possibly:
- From Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”),[1][2] though there's no evidence supporting the fall of the velar.
- A nasal-infixed formation from the root *mewd-, whence also mudà (“possibility”), mudúoti (“to try, attempt”) and Sanskrit मुद् (mud, “to be happy, rejoice”).[3]
- From Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to pay attention, wisdom”).[4][5][6]
- Akin to Lithuanian išmintìs (“to be able”), išmėginti (“try”), išmintìs (“wisdom”).[7]
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]mund (aorist munda, participle mundur)
- (intransitive) can, to be able to; to have the opportunity, power or ability
- followed by të
- to beat, win over, conquer
- (transitive) to defeat, beat; to emerge victorious (in a match, battle)
- to survive, get over, beat (a fear, illness, disease)
- (figurative, third person) take over (with short pronoun forms)
- Më mundi gjumi.
- The sleep took over me
- (mediopassive) See mundem.
Conjugation
[edit]1=mundPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Show compound tenses:
participle | mundur | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | duke mundur | ||||||
infinitive | për të mundur | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | 1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | ||
indicative | present | mund | mund | mund | mundim | mundni | mundin |
imperfect | mundja | mundje | mundte | mundnim | mundnit | mundnin | |
aorist | munda | munde | mundi | mundëm | mundët | mundën | |
perfect | kam mundur | ke mundur | ka mundur | kemi mundur | keni mundur | kanë mundur | |
past perfect | kisha mundur | kishe mundur | kishte mundur | kishim mundur | kishit mundur | kishin mundur | |
aorist II | pata mundur | pate mundur | pati mundur | patëm mundur | patët mundur | patën mundur | |
future1 | do të mund | do të mundësh | do të mundë | do të mundim | do të mundni | do të mundin | |
future perfect2 | do të kem mundur | do të kesh mundur | do të ketë mundur | do të kemi mundur | do të keni mundur | do të kenë mundur | |
subjunctive | present | të mund | të mundësh | të mundë | të mundim | të mundni | të mundin |
imperfect | të mundja | të mundje | të mundte | të mundnim | të mundnit | të mundnin | |
perfect | të kem mundur | të kesh mundur | të ketë mundur | të kemi mundur | të keni mundur | të kenë mundur | |
past perfect | të kisha mundur | të kishe mundur | të kishte mundur | të kishim mundur | të kishit mundur | të kishin mundur | |
conditional1, 2 | imperfect | do të mundja | do të mundje | do të mundte | do të mundnim | do të mundnit | do të mundnin |
past perfect | do të kisha mundur | do të kishe mundur | do të kishte mundur | do të kishim mundur | do të kishit mundur | do të kishin mundur | |
optative | present | mundsha | mundsh | mundtë | mundshim | mundshit | mundshin |
perfect | paça mundur | paç mundur | pastë mundur | paçim mundur | paçit mundur | paçin mundur | |
admirative | present | mundkam | mundke | mundka | mundkemi | mundkeni | mundkan |
imperfect | mundkësha | mundkëshe | mundkësh | mundkëshim | mundkëshit | mundkëshin | |
perfect | paskam mundur | paske mundur | paska mundur | paskemi mundur | paskeni mundur | paskan mundur | |
past perfect | paskësha mundur | paskëshe mundur | paskësh mundur | paskëshim mundur | paskëshit mundur | paskëshin mundur | |
imperative | present | — | mund | — | — | mundni | — |
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume I, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 357–358
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “mund”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mund”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278
- ^ Meyer, G. (1891) “mund”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, , page 291
- ^ Jokl, Norbert (1911) Studien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung (Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 168) (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, page 58
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. men”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 727
- ^ Werner Winter (1965) Evidence for Laryngeals, The Hague, Mouton, →OCLC, page 138
Etymology 2
[edit]Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-. Compare Old Norse munda (“aim, strive”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (mundōn, “look up”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”), Lithuanian mañdras (“alert, awake, smart, minxish”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund m (definite mundi)
- agony, toil, great effort
- arduous and hard work (that pays off)
- tribulation, cause of trouble or suffer
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “mund”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, cognate with English mouth, German Mund.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund c (singular definite munden, plural indefinite munde)
- mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- mund on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Verb
[edit]mund
- imperative of munde
Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.
Noun
[edit]mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir)
Declension
[edit]Declension of mund | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-s2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mund | mundin | mundir | mundirnar |
accusative | mund | mundina | mundir | mundirnar |
dative | mund | mundinni | mundum | mundunum |
genitive | mundar | mundarinnar | munda | mundanna |
Synonyms
[edit]- (hand): hönd
Derived terms
[edit]- morgunstund gefur gull í mund (“the early bird catches the worm”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Related to Old Norse munda (“to aim, to strive”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), from Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“alert”).
Noun
[edit]mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir) or mund n (genitive singular munds, nominative plural mund)
- Used only in set phrases.
Declension
[edit]Declension of mund | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-s2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mund | mundin | mundir | mundirnar |
accusative | mund | mundina | mundir | mundirnar |
dative | mund | mundinni | mundum | mundunum |
genitive | mundar | mundarinnar | munda | mundanna |
or
Declension of mund | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n-s | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mund | mundið | mund | mundin |
accusative | mund | mundið | mund | mundin |
dative | mundi | mundinu | mundum | mundunum |
genitive | munds | mundsins | munda | mundanna |
Derived terms
[edit]- í sömu mund/í sama mund (“at the same time”)
- um þær mundir (“in those days, around that time”)
Related terms
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund (plural moundes or munden)
- Might, ability, or skill.
- Magnitude, greatness, utility, or usefulness.
- (rare) Protection, guarding, defence
- (rare) A hand, especially as a measurement.
- (rare) A band of warriors or fighters.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “mǒund(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-20.
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, guard, security”). Cognate with Old Frisian mund, Old Saxon mund.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund f (nominative plural munda or munde)
- (poetic) hand, palm as a measure of length. In this meaning is not used later than OE period [OED].
- trust, security, protection
- protector, guardian
Usage notes
[edit]Although mund is grammatically feminine, names formed with this element are always masculine.[1]
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived names
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Elizabeth Okasha (2011) Women's Names in Old English, London, England: Routledge, page 5
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund oblique singular, m (oblique plural munz or muntz, nominative singular munz or muntz, nominative plural mund)
- the world
Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.
Noun
[edit]mund m
Declension
[edit]case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | mund | munda |
accusative | mund | munda |
genitive | mundes | mundo |
dative | munde | mundum |
instrumental | mundu | — |
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”). Further cognates see there.
Noun
[edit]mund f
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “mund”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Romansch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund m (plural munds)
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]mund c
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʊnd
- Rhymes:English/ʊnd/1 syllable
- Rhymes:English/ʌnd
- Rhymes:English/ʌnd/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian terms with unknown etymologies
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian verbs
- Albanian intransitive verbs
- Albanian terms with usage examples
- Albanian transitive verbs
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish verb forms
- da:Anatomy
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏnt
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏnt/1 syllable
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Icelandic poetic terms
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- enm:Body
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English feminine nouns
- Old English poetic terms
- Old English ō-stem nouns
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German nouns
- Old High German masculine nouns
- goh:Anatomy
- Old High German a-stem nouns
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse nouns
- Old Norse feminine nouns
- non:Anatomy
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch nouns
- Romansch masculine nouns
- Rumantsch Grischun
- Sursilvan Romansch
- Sutsilvan Romansch
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with archaic senses