mund

See also: Mund and mund'

English

Etymology

From Middle English and Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, protection, security”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mʊnd/, /mʌnd/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʊnd, -ʌnd

Noun

mund (countable and uncountable, plural munds)

1. (obsolete) A hand.
2. (obsolete) Security, granted by a king or earl, the violation of which was punished by a fine (a mundbyrd).
3. (obsolete) Protection; guardianship.

Derived terms

• mundbreach

Anagrams

• UNDM

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmund/

Etymology 1

Uncertain: Possibly:

• From Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”), though there's no evidence supporting the fall of the velar.
• A nasal-infixed formation from the root *mewd-, whence also mudà (“possibility”), mudúoti (“to try, attempt”) and Sanskrit मुद् (mud, “to be happy, rejoice”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to pay attention, wisdom”).
• Akin to Lithuanian išmintìs (“to be able”), išmėginti (“try”), išmintìs (“wisdom”).

Alternative forms

• mundënj — Arvanitika, Arbëresh
• mûj, muj — Gheg

Verb

mund (aorist munda, participle mundur)

1. (intransitive) can, to be able to; to have the opportunity, power or ability
2. followed by të
   1. grammatical particle used for conjunctive forms

      A mund të më tregoni shtëpinë?

      Could you show me the house?

   2. (third person) could be possible; possibly, maybe, perhaps (used as a semi-auxiliary verb)
3. to beat, win over, conquer
4. (transitive) to defeat, beat; to emerge victorious (in a match, battle)
5. to survive, get over, beat (a fear, illness, disease)
6. (figurative, third person) take over (with short pronoun forms)

   Më mundi gjumi.

   The sleep took over me

7. (mediopassive) See mundem.

Conjugation

Standard Albanian conjugation of mund (active voice)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		mundur
		gerund		duke mundur
		infinitive		për të mundur
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	mund	mund	mund	mundim	mundni	mundin
	imperfect	mundja	mundje	mundte	mundnim	mundnit	mundnin
	aorist	munda	munde	mundi	mundëm	mundët	mundën
perfect	kam mundur	ke mundur	ka mundur	kemi mundur	keni mundur	kanë mundur
past perfect	kisha mundur	kishe mundur	kishte mundur	kishim mundur	kishit mundur	kishin mundur
aorist II	pata mundur	pate mundur	pati mundur	patëm mundur	patët mundur	patën mundur
future1	do të mund	do të mundësh	do të mundë	do të mundim	do të mundni	do të mundin
future perfect2	do të kem mundur	do të kesh mundur	do të ketë mundur	do të kemi mundur	do të keni mundur	do të kenë mundur
subjunctive	present	të mund	të mundësh	të mundë	të mundim	të mundni	të mundin
imperfect	të mundja	të mundje	të mundte	të mundnim	të mundnit	të mundnin
perfect	të kem mundur	të kesh mundur	të ketë mundur	të kemi mundur	të keni mundur	të kenë mundur
past perfect	të kisha mundur	të kishe mundur	të kishte mundur	të kishim mundur	të kishit mundur	të kishin mundur
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të mundja	do të mundje	do të mundte	do të mundnim	do të mundnit	do të mundnin
	past perfect	do të kisha mundur	do të kishe mundur	do të kishte mundur	do të kishim mundur	do të kishit mundur	do të kishin mundur
optative	present	mundsha	mundsh	mundtë	mundshim	mundshit	mundshin
perfect	paça mundur	paç mundur	pastë mundur	paçim mundur	paçit mundur	paçin mundur
admirative	present	mundkam	mundke	mundka	mundkemi	mundkeni	mundkan
	imperfect	mundkësha	mundkëshe	mundkësh	mundkëshim	mundkëshit	mundkëshin
perfect	paskam mundur	paske mundur	paska mundur	paskemi mundur	paskeni mundur	paskan mundur
past perfect	paskësha mundur	paskëshe mundur	paskësh mundur	paskëshim mundur	paskëshit mundur	paskëshin mundur
imperative	present	—	mund	—	—	mundni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Derived terms

• mundem
• mundësi f
• mundim m
• mundshëm
• mundbjerrët
• mundës m
• mundësisht
• mundimshëm
• mundoj
• mundqar m
• mundzi

 

Etymology 2

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-. Compare Old Norse munda (“aim, strive”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (mundōn, “look up”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”), Lithuanian mañdras (“alert, awake, smart, minxish”).

Alternative forms

• mûn — Gheg

Noun

mund m (definite mundi)

1. agony, toil, great effort
2. arduous and hard work (that pays off)
3. tribulation, cause of trouble or suffer

Derived terms

• mundim m
• mundje f
• mundur

 

Related terms

• Muji

Further reading

• “mund”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Danish

mund

Etymology

From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, cognate with English mouth, German Mund.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /monˀ/, [ˈmɔnˀ]

Noun

mund c (singular definite munden, plural indefinite munde)

1. mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)

Declension

Declension of mund

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mund	munden	munde	mundene
genitive	munds	mundens	mundes	mundenes

Derived terms

• mundaflæsning
• mundart
• mundbevægelse
• mundbind
• mundblæse
• munde
• mundfuld
• mundharmonika
• mundharpe
• mundheld
• mundhugges
• mundkurv
• mundlam
• mundlæder
• mundret
• mundskænk
• mundstykke
• mundtlig
• mundtøj
• mundvand
• mundvig
• overmund
• slikmund
• trutmund
• undermund

 

See also

• mund on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Verb

mund

1. imperative of munde

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mʏnt/
• Rhymes: -ʏnt

Etymology 1

From Old Norse mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.

Noun

mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir)

1. (poetic) hand

   Synonym: hönd

Declension

Declension of mund (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mund	mundin	mundir	mundirnar
accusative	mund	mundina	mundir	mundirnar
dative	mund	mundinni	mundum	mundunum
genitive	mundar	mundarinnar	munda	mundanna

Derived terms

• morgunstund gefur gull í mund (“the early bird catches the worm”)

Etymology 2

Related to Old Norse munda (“to aim, to strive”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), from Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“alert”).

Noun

mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir) or
mund n (genitive singular munds, no plural)

1. used only in set phrases

Declension

Declension of mund (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mund	mundin	mundir	mundirnar
accusative	mund	mundina	mundir	mundirnar
dative	mund	mundinni	mundum	mundunum
genitive	mundar	mundarinnar	munda	mundanna

Declension of mund (sg-only neuter)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	mund	mundið
accusative	mund	mundið
dative	mundi	mundinu
genitive	munds	mundsins

Derived terms

• í sömu mund/í sama mund (“at the same time”)
• um þær mundir (“in those days, around that time”)

Related terms

• mundur

Middle English

Alternative forms

• munde, mounde, mound

Etymology

From Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːnd/, /mund/

Noun

mund (plural moundes or munden)

1. Might, ability, or skill.
2. Magnitude, greatness, utility, or usefulness.
3. (rare) Protection, guarding, defence
4. (rare) A hand, especially as a measurement.
5. (rare) A band of warriors or fighters.

Descendants

• English: mound, mund
• Scots: moond

References

• “mǒund(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-20.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, guard, security”). Cognate with Old Frisian mund, Old Saxon mund.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mund/

Noun

mund f (nominative plural munda or munde)

1. (poetic) hand, palm as a measure of length
2. trust, security, protection
3. protector, guardian

Usage notes

Although mund is grammatically feminine, names formed with this element are always masculine.

Declension

Declension of mund (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	mund	munda, munde
accusative	munde	munda, munde
genitive	munde	munda
dative	munde	mundum

Derived terms

• mundbyrd
• mundgripe

Derived names

• Æsċmund
• Æþelmund
• Badumund
• Beorhtmund
• Beornmund
• Byrhtmund
• Bēagmund
• Cynemund
• Cūþmund
• Dæġmund
• Eċġmund
• Freoþomund
• Godmund
• Gārmund
• Gūþmund
• Hēahmund
• Nōþmund
• Pleġmund
• Sǣmund
• Siġemund
• Torhtmund
• Wærmund
• Wihtmund
• Wilmund
• Ċēolmund
• Ēadmund
• Ēanmund
• Ēastmund
• Ōsmund

 

Descendants

• Middle English: mund, mound
  • English: mound, mund

Old French

Etymology

From Latin mundus.

Noun

mund oblique singular, m (oblique plural munz or muntz, nominative singular munz or muntz, nominative plural mund)

1. the world

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.

Noun

mund m

1. (anatomy) mouth

Declension

Declension of mund (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	mund	munda
accusative	mund	munda
genitive	mundes	mundo
dative	munde	mundum
instrumental	mundu	—

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”). Further cognates see there.

Noun

mund f

1. hand

Descendants

• Icelandic: mund
• Old Swedish: mund
• Old Danish: mund

References

• “mund”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Romansch

Alternative forms

• mond (Surmiran)
• muond (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin mundus.

Noun

mund m (plural munds)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) world

Swedish

Noun

mund c

1. (archaic) a mouth

   Synonym: mun

Declension

Declension of mund

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mund	munds
	definite	munden	mundens
plural	indefinite	mundar	mundars
	definite	mundarna	mundarnas

Derived terms

• inmundiga

References

• mund in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)