lunastaa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lunastadak. Equivalent to lunas- +‎ -taa (for short n instead of nn, compare pakastaa); see lunnaat for the origin of the stem. Cognate with Estonian lunastama.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlunɑstɑːˣ/, [ˈlunɑ̝s̠tɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -unɑstɑː
• Hyphenation^(key): lu‧nas‧taa

Verb

lunastaa

1. to reclaim (repossess, recover)
2. to redeem (recover ownership; convert into cash)
3. (religion) to redeem (save from a state of sin)

   Synonyms: vapahtaa, armahtaa

4. to buy, reimburse, cash (to give something in exchange for something else)
5. to fulfill (e.g. a promise)
6. (insurance) to buy insured property that is damaged beyond economic repair (such as a totaled vehicle; done by the insurer)

Conjugation

Inflection of lunastaa (Kotus type 53/muistaa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		lunastan	en lunasta	1st sing.	olen lunastanut	en ole lunastanut
2nd sing.		lunastat	et lunasta	2nd sing.	olet lunastanut	et ole lunastanut
3rd sing.		lunastaa	ei lunasta	3rd sing.	on lunastanut	ei ole lunastanut
1st plur.		lunastamme	emme lunasta	1st plur.	olemme lunastaneet	emme ole lunastaneet
2nd plur.		lunastatte	ette lunasta	2nd plur.	olette lunastaneet	ette ole lunastaneet
3rd plur.		lunastavat	eivät lunasta	3rd plur.	ovat lunastaneet	eivät ole lunastaneet
passive		lunastetaan	ei lunasteta	passive	on lunastettu	ei ole lunastettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		lunastin	en lunastanut	1st sing.	olin lunastanut	en ollut lunastanut
2nd sing.		lunastit	et lunastanut	2nd sing.	olit lunastanut	et ollut lunastanut
3rd sing.		lunasti	ei lunastanut	3rd sing.	oli lunastanut	ei ollut lunastanut
1st plur.		lunastimme	emme lunastaneet	1st plur.	olimme lunastaneet	emme olleet lunastaneet
2nd plur.		lunastitte	ette lunastaneet	2nd plur.	olitte lunastaneet	ette olleet lunastaneet
3rd plur.		lunastivat	eivät lunastaneet	3rd plur.	olivat lunastaneet	eivät olleet lunastaneet
passive		lunastettiin	ei lunastettu	passive	oli lunastettu	ei ollut lunastettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		lunastaisin	en lunastaisi	1st sing.	olisin lunastanut	en olisi lunastanut
2nd sing.		lunastaisit	et lunastaisi	2nd sing.	olisit lunastanut	et olisi lunastanut
3rd sing.		lunastaisi	ei lunastaisi	3rd sing.	olisi lunastanut	ei olisi lunastanut
1st plur.		lunastaisimme	emme lunastaisi	1st plur.	olisimme lunastaneet	emme olisi lunastaneet
2nd plur.		lunastaisitte	ette lunastaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte lunastaneet	ette olisi lunastaneet
3rd plur.		lunastaisivat	eivät lunastaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat lunastaneet	eivät olisi lunastaneet
passive		lunastettaisiin	ei lunastettaisi	passive	olisi lunastettu	ei olisi lunastettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		lunasta	älä lunasta	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		lunastakoon	älköön lunastako	3rd sing.	olkoon lunastanut	älköön olko lunastanut
1st plur.		lunastakaamme	älkäämme lunastako	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		lunastakaa	älkää lunastako	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		lunastakoot	älkööt lunastako	3rd plur.	olkoot lunastaneet	älkööt olko lunastaneet
passive		lunastettakoon	älköön lunastettako	passive	olkoon lunastettu	älköön olko lunastettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		lunastanen	en lunastane	1st sing.	lienen lunastanut	en liene lunastanut
2nd sing.		lunastanet	et lunastane	2nd sing.	lienet lunastanut	et liene lunastanut
3rd sing.		lunastanee	ei lunastane	3rd sing.	lienee lunastanut	ei liene lunastanut
1st plur.		lunastanemme	emme lunastane	1st plur.	lienemme lunastaneet	emme liene lunastaneet
2nd plur.		lunastanette	ette lunastane	2nd plur.	lienette lunastaneet	ette liene lunastaneet
3rd plur.		lunastanevat	eivät lunastane	3rd plur.	lienevät lunastaneet	eivät liene lunastaneet
passive		lunastettaneen	ei lunastettane	passive	lienee lunastettu	ei liene lunastettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		lunastaa		present	lunastava	lunastettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st lunastaakseni lunastaaksemme 2nd lunastaaksesi lunastaaksenne 3rd lunastaakseen lunastaaksensa		past	lunastanut	lunastettu
2nd	inessive2	lunastaessa	lunastettaessa	agent4	lunastama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st lunastaessani lunastaessamme 2nd lunastaessasi lunastaessanne 3rd lunastaessaan lunastaessansa		negative	lunastamaton
	instructive	lunastaen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. * The third-person singular indicative form lunastaa does not exhibit final gemination, unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd	inessive	lunastamassa	—
	elative	lunastamasta	—
	illative	lunastamaan	—
	adessive	lunastamalla	—
	abessive	lunastamatta	—
	instructive	lunastaman	lunastettaman
4th3	verbal noun	lunastaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st lunastamaisillani lunastamaisillamme 2nd lunastamaisillasi lunastamaisillanne 3rd lunastamaisillaan lunastamaisillansa

Antonyms

• anastaa

Derived terms

• lunastaja
• lunastaminen
• lunastus

 

compounds

• pakkolunastaa

 

Further reading

• “lunastaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• alustaan, naulasta

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lunastadak. Cognates include Finnish lunastaa and Estonian lunastada.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈlunɑstɑː/, [ˈɫunɑs̠tɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈlunɑstɑː/, [ˈɫunɑʃtɑː]
• Rhymes: -unɑstɑː
• Hyphenation: lu‧nas‧taa

Verb

lunastaa

1. (transitive) to buy
2. (transitive) to ransom
   • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 102:

     A Kostьlin vast yli kuun viijest tuhatast lunassettii.

     And Kostьlin was ransomed just a month later for five thousand [rubles].

3. (transitive) to rescue
   • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 101:

     Veljät, lunassakkaa! Veljät!

     Brothers, rescue [me]! Brothers!

4. (transitive) to bail out
5. (transitive, + allative) to repay, to reimburse

Conjugation

Conjugation of lunastaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, st-ss gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	lunassan	en lunassa	1st singular	oon lunastant, oon lunastanut	en oo lunastant, en oo lunastanut
2nd singular	lunassat	et lunassa	2nd singular	oot lunastant, oot lunastanut	et oo lunastant, et oo lunastanut
3rd singular	lunastaa	ei lunassa	3rd singular	ono lunastant, ono lunastanut	ei oo lunastant, ei oo lunastanut
1st plural	lunassamma	emmä lunassa	1st plural	oomma lunastanneet	emmä oo lunastanneet
2nd plural	lunassatta	että lunassa	2nd plural	ootta lunastanneet	että oo lunastanneet
3rd plural	lunastaat1), lunastavat2), lunassettaa	evät lunassa, ei lunasseta	3rd plural	ovat lunastanneet	evät oo lunastanneet, ei oo lunassettu
impersonal	lunassettaa	ei lunasseta	impersonal	ono lunassettu	ei oo lunassettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	lunassin	en lunastant, en lunastanut	1st singular	olin lunastant, olin lunastanut	en olt lunastant, en olt lunastanut
2nd singular	lunassit	et lunastant, et lunastanut	2nd singular	olit lunastant, olit lunastanut	et olt lunastant, et olt lunastanut
3rd singular	lunasti	ei lunastant, ei lunastanut	3rd singular	oli lunastant, oli lunastanut	ei olt lunastant, ei olt lunastanut
1st plural	lunassimma	emmä lunastanneet	1st plural	olimma lunastanneet	emmä olleet lunastanneet
2nd plural	lunassitta	että lunastanneet	2nd plural	olitta lunastanneet	että olleet lunastanneet
3rd plural	lunastiit1), lunastivat2), lunassettii	evät lunastanneet, ei lunassettu	3rd plural	olivat lunastanneet	evät olleet lunastanneet, ei olt lunassettu
impersonal	lunassettii	ei lunassettu	impersonal	oli lunassettu	ei olt lunassettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	lunastaisin	en lunastais	1st singular	olisin lunastant, olisin lunastanut	en olis lunastant, en olis lunastanut
2nd singular	lunastaisit, lunastaist1)	et lunastais	2nd singular	olisit lunastant, olisit lunastanut	et olis lunastant, et olis lunastanut
3rd singular	lunastais	ei lunastais	3rd singular	olis lunastant, olis lunastanut	ei olis lunastant, ei olis lunastanut
1st plural	lunastaisimma	emmä lunastais	1st plural	olisimma lunastanneet	emmä olis lunastanneet
2nd plural	lunastaisitta	että lunastais	2nd plural	olisitta lunastanneet	että olis lunastanneet
3rd plural	lunastaisiit1), lunastaisivat2), lunassettais	evät lunastais, ei lunassettais	3rd plural	olisivat lunastanneet	evät olis lunastanneet, ei olis lunassettu
impersonal	lunassettais	ei lunassettais	impersonal	olis lunassettu	ei olis lunassettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	lunassa	elä lunassa	2nd singular	oo lunastant, oo lunastanut	elä oo lunastant, elä oo lunastanut
3rd singular	lunastakkoo	elköö lunastako	3rd singular	olkoo lunastant, olkoo lunastanut	elköö olko lunastant, elköö olko lunastanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	lunastakkaa	elkää lunastako	2nd plural	olkaa lunastanneet	elkää olko lunastanneet
3rd plural	lunastakkoot	elkööt lunastako, elköö lunassettako	3rd plural	olkoot lunastanneet	elkööt olko lunastanneet, elköö olko lunassettu
impersonal	lunassettakoo	elköö lunassettako	impersonal	olkoo lunassettu	elköö olko lunassettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	lunastanen	en lunastane
2nd singular	lunastanet	et lunastane
3rd singular	lunastannoo	ei lunastane
1st plural	lunastanemma	emmä lunastane
2nd plural	lunastanetta	että lunastane
3rd plural	lunastannoot	evät lunastane, ei lunassettane
impersonal	lunassettanoo	ei lunassettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		lunastaa	present	lunastava	lunassettava
2nd	inessive	lunastaes	past	lunastant, lunastanut	lunassettu
	instructive	lunastaen	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (lunastakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	lunastammaa
	inessive	lunastamas
	elative	lunastamast
	abessive	lunastamata
4th	nominative	lunastamiin
	partitive	lunastamista, lunastamist

Synonyms

• (to buy): ostaa, hankkia
• (all senses): lunata

Derived terms

• lunassus
• lunata

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 281