-ks

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ks"

Finnish

Etymology 1

Contraction of -kos

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ks/, [-ks̠]

Particle

-ks (colloquial, enclitic particle)

1. Synonym of -ko (interrogative clitic)

   löytyyks mitää? ― are you finding anything?

Usage notes

• Not subject to vowel harmony; both -kos and -kös become -ks.
• Even though etymologically -ks contains the clitic -s, in practice it is used colloquially as a general interrogative clitic and is as neutral as -ko (other than being colloquial).

See also

• Auli Hakulinen with Maria Vilkuna, Riitta Korhonen, Vesa Koivisto, Tarja Riitta Heinonen, and Irja Alho (2004) “§ 837 Liitepartikkeli -s kysymyssanoissa”, in Iso suomen kielioppi‎^[1], Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ks/, [-ks̠]

Suffix

-ks (colloquial, dialectal)

1. Alternative form of -ksi.

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ksi. Cognates include Finnish -ksi and Estonian -ks.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-kse/, [-ks̠e̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-ks/, [-kʃ]

Suffix

-ks

1. Used to form the translative case.
2. (folk poetic, obsolete) Together with a possessive suffix, used to form the long first infinitive with the meaning "in order to".
   • 1915, Volmari Porkka, quoting Oute Loan kylästä, “1140. Soikkola, Tarinaisi, III2”, in Väinö Salminen, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎^[2], volume III1, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:

     Etsi maata maataksee // Lehtoa levätäksee

     She searched for land to lie down // For woods to take a break

Usage notes

• In the Soikkola dialect, in the function of the translative case, may trigger vowel elongation of the preceding vowel.

Inflection

Possessive forms of -ks
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	-kseen	-ksemme
2nd person	-ksees	-ksenne
3rd person	-ksee	-ksesse

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 44