aio

See also: AIO, -aio, and aîó

Translingual

Symbol

aio

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Aiton.

Finnish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.oˣ/, [ˈɑ̝i̯.o̞(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -ɑio
Hyphenation^(key): aio

Verb

aio

inflection of aikoa:

Galician

Etymology

Attested since circa 1300. Either from the feminine aia, itself supposedly from Latin avia (“grandmother”), or from Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰 (*hagja, “protector”).^[1] Cognate with Portuguese aio and Spanish ayo.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈajʊ]

Noun

aio m (plural aios, feminine aia, feminine plural aias)

(historical) tutor, governor of a child
Synonym: titor
- 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 735:
  Et sabede que nõ ouuerõ mester ayos, ca todo aprendíã moy bẽ de seu, quanto lles cõvĩjna.
  And you must know that they didn't need tutors, because all they learned very well by themselves, everything that suited them

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ayo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ayo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “aio”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “aio”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “ayo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Italian

Etymology

Compare Sicilian aju.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.jo/
Rhymes: -ajo
Hyphenation: à‧io

Noun

aio m (plural ai, feminine aia)

(literary) tutor, teacher

Latin

Alternative forms

ajō, aiiō, aijō (orthographic)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *agjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ǵyéti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ- (“to say”).

Cognate with adā̆gium, prōdigium, Ancient Greek ἠμί (ēmí, “to say”), Old Armenian ասեմ (asem, “to say”), and Proto-Tocharian *āks- (“to announce, proclaim, instruct”). See also negō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈai̯.i̯oː/, [ˈäi̯ːoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.jo/, [ˈäːjo]

Verb

aiō (present infinitive aiere, perfect active ait); third conjugation iō-variant, irregular, highly defective

to say, speak, assert, say “yes”, affirm (also in reply)
Synonyms: affirmō, firmō, adnuō, contendō, arguō, fīgō

Antonyms: negō, renuō, recūsō, abnuō
- Stanislaus Julien translating Mencius as Meng Tseu, p. 46:
  Cōnfūcius aiēbat...
  Confucius said...
- 16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 3.7.77:
  ‘Quid mē lūdis?’, ait, ‘Quis tē, male sāne, iubēbat...?
  “Are you making fun of me?“, she says, “Are you stupid? Who asked you to...?“
- 65 BCE – 8 BCE, Horace, Epistulae 1.16:
  […] servus, ‘habēs pretium, lōrīs nōn ūreris,’ aiō.
  (to the slave) […] “There's your reward: you aren't being flogged,” I reply.
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.704:
  Sīc ait, et dextrā crīnem secat [...].
  So speaks [Iris], and with her right hand she cuts the lock of hair [from Dido’s head].
  (“Sic ait” in the Aeneid: cf. 1.142, 2.296, 3.189, 5.365, 9.749, 11.520.)
to say, argue
Synonyms: inquam, dīcō, effor, ōrō, alloquor, loquor, for

Usage notes

Often spelt āiō, etc. with long ā before consonantal i, especially in older editions, even though the a is in fact short. This is to mark the syllable as long by position due to the regularly-double morpheme-internal /j/, which is normally spelt as single in modern editions.
The full spelling is said to have been used by Cicero among others, who wrote AIIO, AIIUNT, AIIEBANT, as well as MAIIOR (maior), EIIUS (eius), etc. Other writers and makers of inscriptions used the ī longa (tall I), e.g. AꟾO, EꟾUS, or even a combination AIꟾO, EIꟾUS.
3rd-person singular ait, the most common form, is normally attested as a disyllabic with two light syllables, that is [ˈa.ɪt], not [ˈaj.jɪt] with a first heavy syllable.
The original forms with long ī, including before final t, can be found in Plautus, e.g. aīs, aīt, later undergoing iambic shortening.
Also in Plautus can be found diphthongal forms such as a͡is (one syllable), a͡it (one syllable), a͡ibam/a͡ibās/a͡ibāt (two syllables), etc.
ait is also used in past narration; through its reinterpretation as a perfect-tense form, aistī is found post-Classically.

Conjugation

Conjugation of aiō (third conjugation iō-variant, irregular, active only, highly defective)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	aiō	ais	ait	—	—	aiunt
	imperfect	aiēbam	aiēbās	aiēbat	aiēbāmus	aiēbātis	aiēbant
	perfect	—	aistī	ait	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	aiās	aiat	—	—	aiant
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	ai	—	—	—	—
active	future	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		aiere	—	—	—	—	—
participles		aiēns	—	—	—	—	—

Derived terms

ain' tū? (for "aisne tū?")
quid ais?

References

“aio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“aio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
aio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110)
- as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur
- (ambiguous) as Homer sings (not canit): ut ait Homerus
- (ambiguous) as Cicero says: ut ait Cicero (always in this order)

Mokilese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aio/, [ajo]

Adverb

aio

yesterday
- 1977, Mokilese Reference Grammar‎^[2]:
  Ngoah dupukda raisso aio.
  I bought that rice yesterday.

Pohnpeian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɐijo/

Adverb

aio

yesterday
Likamwete e kohdo aio.
Apparently he came yesterday.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

ayo (obsolete)

Etymology

Probably from Late Latin avius, masculinized from Latin avia (“grandmother”), whence Portuguese aia (“governoress”).

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaj.u/ [ˈaɪ̯.u]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaj.o/ [ˈaɪ̯.o]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaj.u/

Homophone: alho (Caipira Brazilian)
Rhymes: -aju
Hyphenation: ai‧o

Noun

aio m (plural aios, feminine aia, feminine plural aias)

a hired tutor

Rotokas

Verb

aio

eat

Related terms

aioa
aiopie

References

Firchow, Irwin, Firchow, Jacqueline, Akoitai, David (1973) Vocabulary of Rotokas - Pidgin - English‎^[3], Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 3

Venetan

Noun

aio m (plural ai)

Obsolete spelling of ajo (“garlic”).

Yoruba

Alternative forms

aríro (Èkìtì, Owé)
airo (Ọ̀wọ̀)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ā.īō/

Noun

aio

(Ondo) chameleon
Synonyms: ọ̀gà, agẹmọ, lágẹma, alágẹmọ

[1] Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “ayo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

[1]