User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*swep-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to sleep

Derived terms

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*swép-e-ti (thematic root present)^[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:}
  - Proto-Slavic: *sъpati^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *swefaną (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *swēbjaną^[5]
    - Old Norse: svæfa, sœfa
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati
    - Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati), स्वपिति (swápiti)
      - Hindi: षुप्ति (ṣupti)
      - Punjabi: ਸੌਣ (sauṇ)
      - Sindhi: [script needed] (sumh)
      - Bengali: শুয়া (śua, “lie down, sleep”)
      - Nepali: सुते (sute)

*sup-éti ("tudati"-type thematic root present)^[6]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /⁠supā́ri⁠/, “to sleep”, 3sg.pres.midd.)

*sup-néw-ti ~ *sup-nu-énti (“to fall asleep”, néw-present)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *usъnǫti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *supnaną
  - Old Norse: sofna

*sup-sḱe-ti (sḱe-present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Sogdian: ’wbs-

*sup-yé-ti (yé-present)
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒄿𒀀𒍣 (šu-up-pa-ya-zi, “to sleep”)

*sup-yé-tor (deponent yé-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *supyátar
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *supyátar
    - Sanskrit: सुप्यते (supyáte, “sleeps”, pas.)

*swḗp-s-t ~ *swép-s-n̥t (s-aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वाप्सीत् (svāpsīt, 3sg.inj.act.)

*swe-swóp-e ~ *swe-sup-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic:
    - Old Church Slavonic: съплѭ (sŭpljǫ, 1sg.), съпиши (sŭpiši, 2sg.)
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old Norse: svaf (“fell asleep”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sušwā́pa ~ *sušupā́r
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suṣwā́pa ~ *suṣupur
    - Sanskrit: सुष्वाप ~ सुषुपुर् (suṣvā́pa ~ suṣupur, “to have fallen asleep”, prf.)
  - Proto-Iranian: *haxʷápa ~ *hašupā́r
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀 (hušxᵛafa, “has slept”, 3sg.prf.act.)

*swep-yé-ti (“to fall asleep”, yé-present)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *u-sьple-^[1]

*swop-éye-ti (éye-causative)^[3]^[1]^[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną (“to put to sleep”)^[7] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swāpáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swāpáyati
    - Sanskrit: स्वापयति (svāpáyati)

*sup-ḗr ~ *sup-rés
- *supr-yé-ti (yé-denominative)^[8]^[9]
  - Proto-Anatolian:
    - Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒄿𒀀𒍣 (šu-up-pa-ri-ya-zi /⁠supriézi⁠/)

*sup-nó-s (“sleep”)^[3]^[2]^[10] (see there for further descendants)

*swóp-r̥ ~ *swép-n̥s^[3]^[10]^[11]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὕπαρ (húpar)
- Proto-Italic: *swépōs^[11] (< collective *swép-ōr ~ *sup-nés)
  - Latin: sopor (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ [Term?]
  - Proto-Anatolian:
    - Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒄿𒀀 (šu-up-pa-ri-ya)
- ⇒ *swépn-o-s^[3]^[2] (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *swópn-(i)yo-m^[2]^[3]
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    - Lithuanian: sapnỹs
    - Proto-Slavic:
      - Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije), съньѥ (sŭnĭje)
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: ἐνύπνιον (enúpnion)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam
      - Sanskrit: स्वप्न्य (svápnya)
  - Proto-Italic: *swopnjom^[9]
    - Latin: somnium (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *swópn-o-s (“sleep, slumber”)^[3]^[2]
  - Proto-Armenian:
    - Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun)^[12]
  - Proto-Italic: *swopnos^[9]
    - Latin: somnus (see there for further descendants)

*swṓp-s ~ swép-s^[11]
- *swōp-yé-ti (“to cause to sleep”, yé-denominative)^[1]^[11]
  - Proto-Italic: *swōpiō
    - Latin: sōpiō (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápiti
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬥 (xᵛapan)
  - Gilaki: خفت (xuft)
  - Kurdish: xew (“sleep”), Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
  - Middle Persian: hwʾb (xvāb)
    - Persian: خواب (xvâb, xâb)
      - > Hindustani:
        Urdu: خواب (xvāb)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*suep-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 612-613
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “suep-, sup-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1048-1049
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*swep-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 322
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъpati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swēbjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 497
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šupp-^(tt)a(ri)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 787-788
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swabjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šupparii̯e/a-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 788-789: “*sup-r-i̯e/o-”
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “somnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 573-574
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swefna-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 497
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sopor, -ōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 29

Pokorny 2443, pages 1048-1049.
Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert, →ISBN; sommeil
Alf Torp, "Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok", Oslo 1992 (reprint), →ISBN; Sova, Svevn, Svæv
Gerhard Köbler, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch, (2. Auflage) 2003
Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary] (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*suep-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 612-613

[IEW-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “suep-, sup-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1048-1049

[TOitPIEatPIEw-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*swep-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 322

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъpati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481

[5] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swēbjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 497

[6] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šupp-^(tt)a(ri)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 787-788

[Kroonen_swabjan-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swabjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494

[8] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šupparii̯e/a-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 788-789: “*sup-r-i̯e/o-”

[DeVaan_somnus-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “somnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 573-574

[Kroonen_swefna-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swefna-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 497

[DeVaan_sopor-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sopor, -ōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575

[12] Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 29

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