Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/teraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, cleave, crack”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈte.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*teraną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to tear; snatch or pull off (from); tug

Inflection

Conjugation of *teraną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*terō	*teraų	—	*terai	?
2nd singular	*tirizi	*teraiz	*ter	*terazai	*teraizau
3rd singular	*tiridi	*terai	*teradau	*teradai	*teraidau
1st dual	*terōz	*teraiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*teradiz	*teraidiz	*teradiz	—	—
1st plural	*teramaz	*teraim	—	*terandai	*teraindau
2nd plural	*tirid	*teraid	*tirid	*terandai	*teraindau
3rd plural	*terandi	*terain	*terandau	*terandai	*teraindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tar	*tērį̄
2nd singular	*tart	*tērīz
3rd singular	*tar	*tērī
1st dual	*tērū	*tērīw
2nd dual	*tērudiz	*tērīdiz
1st plural	*tērum	*tērīm
2nd plural	*tērud	*tērīd
3rd plural	*tērun	*tērīn

	present	past
participles	*terandz	*turanaz

Derived terms

*tarjaną
*tartaz
- Old English: teart (see there for further descendants)
*turþiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *teran
- Old English: teran
  - Middle English: teren, teer, teere, tere, tern, teryn, teer
    - English: tear
    - Scots: tere, teir, tair
- Old Frisian: tera
  - Saterland Frisian: teere
  - West Frisian: tarre
- Old Saxon: teran
  - Middle Low German: teren (merged with Proto-West Germanic *tarjan)
    - German Low German: tehren
    - → Old Norse: tæra
      - Danish: tære
      - Swedish: tära
      - Norwegian Bokmål: tære
      - Norwegian Nynorsk: tæra, tære
      - Icelandic: tæra
- Old High German: zeran
  - Middle High German: zern, zeren (merged with Proto-West Germanic *tarjan, a strong participle Middle High German zerzorn is attested)
    - German: zehren
    - Luxembourgish: zieren
Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tairan) (in 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (distairan), 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gatairan))
→? Vulgar Latin: *tīrāre

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*teran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 513
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*teranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “TER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 502

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*teran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 513

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*teranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “TER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 502

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