Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turdą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *turzdaz

Etymology

According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-to-s, a participle from *der- (“to split, tear”); cognate with Latvian dìrst (“to poop, shit”). Note that Kroonen prefers to reconstruct the Germanic as *turzdaz; see there for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtur.dɑ̃/

Noun

*turdą n

1. manure
2. mud

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *turdą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*turdą	*turdō
vocative	*turdą	*turdō
accusative	*turdą	*turdō
genitive	*turdas, *turdis	*turdǫ̂
dative	*turdai	*turdamaz
instrumental	*turdō	*turdamiz

Synonyms

• *adalaz

Related terms

• *teraną
• *tardaz
• *turnaz

Derived terms

• *turdawibilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *tord
  • Old English: tord
    • Middle English: tord, toord, torde
      • English: turd
      • Scots: tuird
  • Old Dutch: *tord, *tort
    • Middle Dutch: torde, torte, tort, toort
      • Dutch: tort
  • Old High German: zort
    • Middle High German: *zort, zurch, zürch
      • German: (dialectal) Zort, (archaic) Zürch
• Old Norse: torð- (“dung-”, in compounds)
• → Proto-Samic: *turtē (see there for further descendants)