Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-nós, from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrnъ (“piece; toft”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtur.nɑz/

Adjective

*turnaz

1. bitter, embittered

Inflection

Declension of *turnaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*turnaz	*turnai	*turnō	*turnôz	*turną, -atō	*turnō
Accusative	*turnanǭ	*turnanz	*turnǭ	*turnōz	*turną, -atō	*turnō
Genitive	*turnas, -is	*turnaizǫ̂	*turnaizōz	*turnaizǫ̂	*turnas, -is	*turnaizǫ̂
Dative	*turnammai	*turnaimaz	*turnaizōi	*turnaimaz	*turnammai	*turnaimaz
Instrumental	*turnanō	*turnaimiz	*turnaizō	*turnaimiz	*turnanō	*turnaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*turnô	*turnaniz	*turnǭ	*turnōniz	*turnô	*turnōnō
Accusative	*turnanų	*turnanunz	*turnōnų	*turnōnunz	*turnô	*turnōnō
Genitive	*turniniz	*turnanǫ̂	*turnōniz	*turnōnǫ̂	*turniniz	*turnanǫ̂
Dative	*turnini	*turnammaz	*turnōni	*turnōmaz	*turnini	*turnammaz
Instrumental	*turninē	*turnammiz	*turnōnē	*turnōmiz	*turninē	*turnammiz

Related terms

• *teraną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *torn
  • Old English: torn
  • Old Saxon: torn
    • Middle Low German: torn, torne
  • Old High German: zorn

Noun

*turnaz m

1. bitterness, anger; wrath
2. discord

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *turnaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*turnaz	*turnōz, *turnōs
vocative	*turn	*turnōz, *turnōs
accusative	*turną	*turnanz
genitive	*turnas, *turnis	*turnǫ̂
dative	*turnai	*turnamaz
instrumental	*turnō	*turnamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *torn
  • Old English: torn
  • Old Frisian: torn
    • Saterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden
    • West Frisian: toarne
  • Old Saxon: torn
    • Middle Low German: torn, torne, tarn
  • Old Dutch: *torn
    • Middle Dutch: torn, toren, toorn
      • Dutch: toorn
        • Afrikaans: toorn
  • Old High German: zorn
    • Middle High German: zorn
      • Bavarian: Zorn, Zurn
      • German: Zorn
      • Luxembourgish: Zar
      • Yiddish: צאָרן (tsorn)