Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-nh₂-tór, middle voice of neh₂-present Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-néh₂-ti, from *der- (“to tear apart, shatter”), whence also *teraną (“to tear”). Cognate with Sanskrit दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti, “to tear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtur.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*turnaną

1. to tear off
2. to depart

Inflection

Conjugation of *turnaną (weak class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*turnō	*turnaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*turnōsi	*turnais	*turnō	—	—
3rd singular	*turnōþi	*turnai	*turnōþau	—	—
1st dual	*turnōs	*turnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*turnaþiz	*turnaiþiz	*turnaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*turnamaz	*turnaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*turnaþ	*turnaiþ	*turnaþ	—	—
3rd plural	*turnanþi	*turnain	*turnanþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*turnōdǭ	*turnōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*turnōdēz	*turnōdēdīz
3rd singular	*turnōdē	*turnōdēdī
1st dual	*turnōdēdū	*turnōdēdīw
2nd dual	*turnōdēdudiz	*turnōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*turnōdēdum	*turnōdēdīm
2nd plural	*turnōdēdud	*turnōdēdīd
3rd plural	*turnōdēdun	*turnōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*turnandz	—

Kroonen reconstructs a zero-grade strong verb similar to *spurnaną.

Conjugation of *turnaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*turnō	*turnaų	—	*turnai	?
2nd singular	*turnizi	*turnaiz	*turn	*turnazai	*turnaizau
3rd singular	*turnidi	*turnai	*turnadau	*turnadai	*turnaidau
1st dual	*turnōz	*turnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*turnadiz	*turnaidiz	*turnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*turnamaz	*turnaim	—	*turnandai	*turnaindau
2nd plural	*turnid	*turnaid	*turnid	*turnandai	*turnaindau
3rd plural	*turnandi	*turnain	*turnandau	*turnandai	*turnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tarn	*turnį̄
2nd singular	*tarnt	*turnīz
3rd singular	*tarn	*turnī
1st dual	*turnū	*turnīw
2nd dual	*turnudiz	*turnīdiz
1st plural	*turnum	*turnīm
2nd plural	*turnud	*turnīd
3rd plural	*turnun	*turnīn
	present	past
participles	*turnandz	*turnanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *tornōn
  • Old Dutch: *tornon
    • Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
      • Dutch: tornen
• Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)