𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From the zero-grade of *𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*aftairan) +‎ -𐌽𐌰𐌽 (-nan) (compare 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)).

Verb

𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 • (aftaurnan)

1. (hapax) to be torn, rent
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 5:36b:

     𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌰 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌳, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌰𐍆 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽.

     aiþþau jah sa niuja aftaurnid, jah þamma fairnjin ni gatimid þata af þamma niujin.

     Otherwise, both the new will be torn, and that [which was taken] out of the new does not match the old.

Conjugation

Class 4 weak
Infinitive	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 aftaurnan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰 aftaurna	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 aftaurnōda	—
2nd singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐍃 aftaurnis	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 aftaurnōdēs	—
3rd singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌸 aftaurniþ	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 aftaurnōda	—
1st dual	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐍃 aftaurnōs	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 aftaurnōdēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 aftaurnats	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 aftaurnōdēduts	—
1st plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌼 aftaurnam	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 aftaurnōdēdum	—
2nd plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌸 aftaurniþ	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 aftaurnōdēduþ	—
3rd plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 aftaurnand	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 aftaurnōdēdun	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌿 aftaurnau	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 aftaurnōdēdjau	—
2nd singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 aftaurnais	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 aftaurnōdēdeis	—
3rd singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹 aftaurnai	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 aftaurnōdēdi	—
1st dual	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 aftaurnaiwa	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 aftaurnōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 aftaurnaits	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 aftaurnōdēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 aftaurnaima	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 aftaurnōdēdeima	—
2nd plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 aftaurnaiþ	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 aftaurnōdēdeiþ	—
3rd plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 aftaurnaina	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 aftaurnōdēdeina	—
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 aftaurn
3rd singular	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 aftaurnadau
2nd dual	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 aftaurnats
2nd plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌸 aftaurniþ
3rd plural	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 aftaurnandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 aftaurnands	—

Related terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gatairan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)
• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (distairan)
• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)