1873, Carstairs Douglas, Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, London: Presbyterian Church of England, page 142:
"hoà (Cn.) hoà-lâng, Spaniards, said esp. by people who have been at Manila."
1925, Fr. Pedro Prat, O.P., edited by Francisco Giner de Los Ríos and Francisco Piñol y Andreu, Diccionario español-chino del dialecto de Amoy y Formosa. (overall work in Spanish and Hokkien), Amoy: Misión Católica:
Español. Se-pan-gé lâng, tōa lī-sònglâng, hòa-lâng; el últímo término significa Civilizador, y los chinos de Filipinas aplícanlo a los españoles por haber civilizado aquél país.
Spanish. Se-pan-gé lâng, tōa lī-sòng lâng, hòa-lâng; the latter term means Civilizer, and the Chinese of the Philippines apply it to the Spaniards for having civilized that country.
"hǔalāng pit" "con pluma Español" with Spanish pen
1941, Vicente Lim, Chinese-English-Tagalog-Spanish Business Conversation and Social Contact with Amoy Pronunciation (overall work in Literary Chinese, Hokkien, English, Tagalog, and Spanish), Manila: Poc Bon Book Co., page 100:
^ Batchelor, Robert (2013 January 24) “The Selden Map Rediscovered: A Chinese Map of East Asian Shipping Routes, c.1619”, in The International Journal for the History of Cartography[1], volume 65, number 1
^ Mançano, Melchior, Feyjoó, Raymundo (1620) Arte de la Lengua Chiõ Chiu[2] (in Hokkien and Early Modern Spanish), Manila, pages 52-53; Biblioteca Patrimonial Digital edition, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Centre de Recursos per a l'Aprenentatge i la Investigació, 2015
