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Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Sino-Vietnamese word from

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(, )

  1. (now only in compounds) a learned person, especially someone from the respected intelligentsia
    Holonym: tứ dân
    Coordinate terms: công (artisans/craftsmen), nông (peasants/farmers), thương (merchants)
    • 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “言志 Ngôn chí 14”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):
      絲毫庄固填恩主
      𠰺廊溋𠇍
      Tơ hào chẳng có đền ơn chúa.
      Dạy láng giềng mấy nho.
      I have not the slightest of things to repay my lord's graces;
      I'm teaching my neighbors, a few intellectuals and scholars.
    • Chỉ nam ngọc âm giải nghĩa (Precious manual explicating [important terms]) 28b
      ()()(tài)(hiền)(ai)(chẳng)(biết)(danh).
      The literati possess worthy talents; who is not aware of their reputations?
    • 14th century, Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ch. 57; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
      Nghe tiếng ngài yêu người hiền, trọng kẻ , nên tôi cũng đến yết kiến.
      I've heard that ye reputedly cherish virtuosi and respect literati, so I'm also come for an audience.
  2. (military, in compounds) warrior, soldier, officer (commissioned or non-commissioned)
    tướng generals and officers
    liệt soldier killed in the line of duty
    • 1759, Lê Quý Đôn, Đại Việt thông sử (Thorough Historical Records of Great Việt); 1973, Vietnamese translation by Lê Mạnh Liêu
      Bởi vậy ngài bèn đại hội tướng , bàn tính việc khởi binh.
      Therefore, he held a great meeting with the generals and officers, to discuss raising armies.
  3. (in compounds) agentive suffix
    nghệ artist
    kị rider
  4. (xiangqi) an advisor, a piece labeled with the characters (shì, black) and (, red)

Derived terms

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Adjective

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  1. (colloquial) Short for sĩ diện (egoistic, snobbish).
    Không có tiền nhưng chồng tôi rất .
    My husband is broke but very snobbish.