養育

See also: 养育

Chinese

		give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)	nourish; to rear
trad. (養育)		養	育
simp. (养育)		养	育

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎngyù

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁵ juk⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yông-yuk

(Hailu, HRS): rhong^ˋ rhug^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ióng-io̍k / iáng-io̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): iang² iog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngyù
  - Wade–Giles: yang³-yü⁴
  - Yale: yǎng-yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangyuh
  - Palladius: янъюй (janʺjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joeng⁵ juk⁶
  - Yale: yéuhng yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁵ juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁵ yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ¹³ jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-yuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: iong^ˊ iug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴ i̯uk̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-yuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong^ˊ (r)iug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴ (j)i̯uk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhong^ˋ rhug^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒoŋ⁵³ ʒuk²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ióng-io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofng'iok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng-io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: iáng-io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafng'iok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iang² iog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáng io̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: yangX yuwk

Rime
Character	養	育
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	餘兩切	余六切
Baxter	yangX	yuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋ^X/	/jɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋ^X/	/jiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋ^X/	/iuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋ^X/	/juwk̚/
Li Rong	/iaŋ^X/	/iuk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋ^X/	/jĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯aŋ^X/	/i̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎng	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng⁵	juk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]aŋʔ m-quk/

(Zhengzhang): /*laŋʔ luɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	養	育
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎng	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ yang^X ›	‹ yuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]aŋʔ/	/*m-quk/
English	nourish, raise	breed, produce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養	育
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14613	15984
Phonetic component	養	育
Rime group	陽	覺
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	養	育
Old Chinese	/*laŋʔ/	/*luɡ/
Notes	說文羊聲	說文肉聲非，實毓右隸變

Verb

養育

to foster; to rear; to bring up

Synonyms

edit

供養 / 供养
保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
奉養 / 奉养
扶養 / 扶养 (fúyǎng)
撫育 / 抚育 (fǔyù)
撫養 / 抚养 (fǔyǎng)
渡子 (Hakka, to raise a child)
育兒 / 育儿 (yù'ér) (to raise a child)
贍養 / 赡养 (shànyǎng)
邀飼 / 邀饲 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
鞠養 / 鞠养 (jūyǎng) (literary)
養活 / 养活 (yǎnghuo) (colloquial)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (養育):

→ Japanese: 養育(よういく) (yōiku)
→ Korean: 양육(養育) (yang'yuk)
→ Vietnamese: dưỡng dục (養育)