狼藉

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Chinese

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wolf by means of; in disorder
simp. and trad.
(狼藉) 		狼 藉
alternative forms 狼籍

Etymology

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First attested in Records of the Grand Historian.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 狼 藉
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 唐 (101) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 魯當切 秦昔切
Baxter lang dzjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑŋ/ /d͡ziᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑŋ/ /d͡ziɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑŋ/ /d͡ziæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/laŋ/ /d͡ziajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/lɑŋ/ /d͡ziɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/lɑŋ/ /d͡zĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑŋ/ /d͡zʱi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		láng jí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		long4 zik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狼 藉
Reading # 1/1 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		láng jí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lang › ‹ dzjek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaŋ/ /*[dz]Ak/
English wolf tribute (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狼 藉
Reading # 1/1 2/2
No. 8019 13304
Phonetic
component 		良 昔
Rime
group 		陽 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		郎 籍
Old
Chinese 		/*raːŋ/ /*zjaːɡ/
Notes 甲文作𤜪

Adjective

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狼藉

  1. disorderly; messy; disorganised
  2. hopelessly discredited

Synonyms

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  • (disorderly):
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Derived terms

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See also

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
狼 藉
ろう
Jinmeiyō 		せき > ぜき
Hyōgai
on'yomi kan'on

Pronunciation

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Noun

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狼(ろう)藉(ぜき) • (rōzeki) ←らうぜき (rauzeki)?

  1. violence, outrage
  2. riot, confusion, disorder

Derived terms

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Verb

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狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)する • (rōzeki suru) ←らうぜき (rauzeki)?intransitive suru (stem 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)し (rōzeki shi), past 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)した (rōzeki shita))

  1. to riot

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "狼藉する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 狼藉し ろうぜきし rōzeki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 狼藉し ろうぜきし rōzeki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 狼藉する ろうぜきする rōzeki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 狼藉する ろうぜきする rōzeki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 狼藉すれ ろうぜきすれ rōzeki sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 狼藉せよ¹
狼藉しろ² 		ろうぜきせよ¹
ろうぜきしろ² 		rōzeki seyo¹
rōzeki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 狼藉される ろうぜきされる rōzeki sareru
Causative 狼藉させる
狼藉さす 		ろうぜきさせる
ろうぜきさす 		rōzeki saseru
rōzeki sasu
Potential 狼藉できる ろうぜきできる rōzeki dekiru
Volitional 狼藉しよう ろうぜきしよう rōzeki shiyō
Negative 狼藉しない ろうぜきしない rōzeki shinai
Negative continuative 狼藉せず ろうぜきせず rōzeki sezu
Formal 狼藉します ろうぜきします rōzeki shimasu
Perfective 狼藉した ろうぜきした rōzeki shita
Conjunctive 狼藉して ろうぜきして rōzeki shite
Hypothetical conditional 狼藉すれば ろうぜきすれば rōzeki sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Adjective

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狼(ろう)藉(ぜき) • (rōzeki) ←らうぜき (rauzeki)?†-tari (adnominal 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)とした (rōzeki to shita) or 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)たる (rōzeki taru), adverbial 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)と (rōzeki to) or 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)として (rōzeki to shite))
狼(ろう)藉(ぜき) • (rōzeki) ←らうぜき (rauzeki)?†-nari

  1. disorderly; untidy

Inflection

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Classical conjugation of "狼藉たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 狼藉たら ろうぜきたら rouzekitara
Continuative (連用形) 狼藉と[1]
狼藉たり[2]		 ろうぜきと
ろうぜきたり		 rouzekito
rouzekitari
Terminal (終止形) 狼藉たり ろうぜきたり rouzekitari
Attributive (連体形) 狼藉たる ろうぜきたる rouzekitaru
Realis (已然形) 狼藉たれ ろうぜきたれ rouzekitare
Imperative (命令形) 狼藉たれ ろうぜきたれ rouzekitare
Key constructions
Negative 狼藉たらず ろうぜきたらず rouzekitarazu
Contrasting conjunction 狼藉たれど ろうぜきたれど rouzekitaredo
Causal conjunction 狼藉たれば ろうぜきたれば rouzekitareba
Conditional conjunction 狼藉たらば ろうぜきたらば rouzekitaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 狼藉たりき ろうぜきたりき rouzekitariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 狼藉たりけり ろうぜきたりけり rouzekitarikeri
Adverbial 狼藉と ろうぜきと rouzekito
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Classical conjugation of "狼藉なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 狼藉なら ろうぜきなら rouzekinara
Continuative (連用形) 狼藉に[1]
狼藉なり[2]		 ろうぜきに
ろうぜきなり		 rouzekini
rouzekinari
Terminal (終止形) 狼藉なり ろうぜきなり rouzekinari
Attributive (連体形) 狼藉なる ろうぜきなる rouzekinaru
Realis (已然形) 狼藉なれ ろうぜきなれ rouzekinare
Imperative (命令形) 狼藉なれ ろうぜきなれ rouzekinare
Key constructions
Negative 狼藉ならず ろうぜきならず rouzekinarazu
Contrasting conjunction 狼藉なれど ろうぜきなれど rouzekinaredo
Causal conjunction 狼藉なれば ろうぜきなれば rouzekinareba
Conditional conjunction 狼藉ならば ろうぜきならば rouzekinaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 狼藉なりき ろうぜきなりき rouzekinariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 狼藉なりけり ろうぜきなりけり rouzekinarikeri
Adverbial 狼藉に ろうぜきに rouzekini
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

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  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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