荊棘

See also: 荆棘

Chinese

		thorns; brambles	thorns
trad. (荊棘/荆棘)		荊/荆	棘
simp. (荆棘)		荆	棘

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ gik¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-kit
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng-kek / keng-kiak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹ gêg⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingjí
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-chi²
    • Yale: jīng-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjyi
    • Palladius: цзинцзи (czinczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 經籍／经籍 荊棘／荆棘

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging¹ gik¹
    • Yale: gīng gīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ gik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ gig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-kit
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˊ gid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ gid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ kit̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-kek
    • Tâi-lô: king-kik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kengkeg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-kiak
    • Tâi-lô: king-kiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kengkiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gêng¹ gêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng kek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³⁻²³ kek̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjaeng kik

Rime
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉卿切	紀力切
Baxter	kjaeng	kik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/	/kɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/	/kɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/	/kiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/	/kik̚/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/	/kiək̚/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/	/kĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/	/ki̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1	gik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]reŋ  krək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*keŋ  krɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›	‹ kik ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]reŋ/	/*krək/
English	briar	thorns
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6851	5745
Phonetic component	井	棘
Rime group	耕	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚	殛
Old Chinese	/*keŋ/	/*krɯɡ/

Noun

荊棘

1. (literally, botany) thistles and thorns; brambles; thorny undergrowth

   • 師之所處，荊棘生焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     师之所处，荆棘生焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE

     Shī zhī suǒ chǔ, jīngjí shēng yān. [Pinyin]

     Wherever a host is stationed, briars and thorns spring up.

2. (literary, figurative) difficult situation; dangerous circumstances
3. (literary, figurative) scheming sycophant
4. (literary, figurative) animosity; hostility; ill will; grudge

Synonyms

• (scheming sycophant): (literary) 姦佞／奸佞 (jiānnìng)
• (animosity):

edit

• 嫌隙 (xiánxì)
• 碴兒／碴儿 (chár) (colloquial)
• 芥蒂 (jièdì) (literary, figurative)

 

Adjective

荊棘

1. (literary, figurative) chaotic; disorderly

Synonyms

edit

• 一塌糊塗／一塌糊涂
• 亂／乱 (luàn)
• 亂七八糟／乱七八糟 (luànqībāzāo)
• 亂雜／乱杂 (luànzá) (literary)
• 凌亂 (língluàn)
• 嘈亂／嘈乱 (cáoluàn) (literary, of sound)
• 大鼎炒狗蟻／大鼎炒狗蚁 (Hokkien)
• 挐亂／挐乱 (Hokkien)
• 擾擾／扰扰 (rǎorǎo)
• 散亂／散乱 (sǎnluàn)
• 有七無八／有七无八 (Hokkien)
• 殽亂／淆乱 (xiáoluàn) (literary)
• 混亂／混乱 (hùnluàn)
• 烏七八糟／乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
• 烏哩單刀／乌哩单刀 (Cantonese)
• 無序／无序 (wúxù)
• 狼戾 (Hakka, literary)
• 狼狼戾戾 (Hakka)
• 狼藉 (lángjí)
• 立立亂／立立乱 (lap⁶ lap^6-2 lyun⁶) (Cantonese)
• 糊塗／糊涂
• 糾紛／纠纷 (jiūfēn) (literary)
• 紊 (wěn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 紛亂／纷乱 (fēnluàn)
• 紊亂／紊乱 (wěnluàn)
• 紛雜／纷杂 (fēnzá) (literary)
• 繚亂／缭乱 (liáoluàn) (formal)
• 肆亂／肆乱 (sìluàn) (literary)
• 蕪雜／芜杂 (wúzá)
• 雜亂／杂乱 (záluàn)
• 雜醪膏／杂醪膏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 鬼打樣／鬼打样 (Hakka)

 

Derived terms

• 披荊棘／披荆棘
• 滿地荊棘／满地荆棘
• 燃燒的荊棘／燃烧的荆棘 (ránshāo de jīngjí)
• 舉動荊棘／举动荆棘 (jǔdòngjīngjí)
• 荊棘律／荆棘律
• 荊棘銅駝／荆棘铜驼
• 銅駝荊棘／铜驼荆棘

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (荊棘):

• → Japanese: 荊棘(けいきょく) (keikyoku)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
荊	棘
けい Hyōgai	きょく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けーきょく [kèékyókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ːkʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

荊(けい)棘(きょく) • (keikyoku) 

1. thorns (thorny plants)
2. hardships, difficulties
   • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

     荊棘(けいきょく)の道(みち)

     keikyoku no michi

     The path of hardships

See also

• Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/荊棘