混淆

Chinese

	to mix; to get along; thoughtless to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix	to mix; to confuse
trad. (混淆)	混	淆
simp. ^#(混淆)	混	淆
alternative forms	混殽／混淆溷肴溷淆渾殽／浑淆

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hùnxiáo, hùnyáo, hǔnxiáo

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄠˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄠˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ ngaau⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn-gâu / hūn-hâu / hūn-hiâu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁶ ngao⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnxiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnsiáo
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-hsiao²
  - Yale: hwùn-syáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennshyau
  - Palladius: хуньсяо (xunʹsjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnyáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnyáo
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-yao²
  - Yale: hwùn-yáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennyau
  - Palladius: хуньяо (xunʹjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ jɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǔnxiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǔnsiáo
  - Wade–Giles: hun³-hsiao²
  - Yale: hwǔn-syáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoenshyau
  - Palladius: хуньсяо (xunʹsjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ ngaau⁴
  - Yale: wahn ngàauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ ngaau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ ngao⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² ŋaːu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-gâu
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-gâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxn'gaau
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-hâu
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-hâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnhaau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²⁻²¹ hau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-hiâu
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-hiâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnhiaau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ hiau¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁶ ngao⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng ngâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋau⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: hwonX haew

Rime
Character	混	淆
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	胡本切	胡茅切
Baxter	hwonX	haew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/	/ɦˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/	/ɦᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/	/ɦaɨw/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn	xiáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶	haau⁴

Verb

混淆

to obscure; to blur; to mix up
混淆概念 ― hùnxiáo gàiniàn ― to mix up concepts
(computing) to obfuscate

Synonyms

edit

串
亂 / 乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
交插 (Hokkien)
夾雜 / 夹杂 (jiāzá)
廝混 / 厮混 (sīhùn)
拍濫 / 拍滥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
拍相濫 / 拍相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
插雜 / 插杂 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
摻和 / 掺和
摻濫 / 掺滥 (Hokkien)
摻雜 / 掺杂 (chānzá)
模糊
混同 (hùntóng)
混合
混雜 / 混杂
相濫 / 相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
羼雜 / 羼杂 (chànzá)

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
混	淆
こん Grade: 5	こう Hyōgai
kan'on

For pronunciation and definitions of 混淆 – see the following entry.

【混交こんこう】

[noun] a mixture of various things; blending

[verb] mix up

(This term, 混淆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)