椹

椹 U+6939, 椹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6939 ← 椸 [U+6938] CJK Unified Ideographs 椺 → [U+693A]

Translingual

Han character

椹 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一女 (DTMV), four-corner 4491₁ or 4491₈, composition ⿰木甚)

Derived characters

• 𦾢

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 537, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15082
• Dae Jaweon: page 925, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1243, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6939

Chinese

trad.		椹
simp. #		椹
alternative forms		枮 砧 碪／砧 鍖／𰾘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔl'um): semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Etymology

For the "chopping block" sense, perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(u/i)m (“pillow, block, bench, bedstead”); see 枕 (OC *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums, “pillow”) for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
    • Wade–Giles: chên¹
    • Yale: jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zam¹
    • Yale: jām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: trim

Rime
Character	椹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	知林切
Baxter	trim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjim/
Li Rong	/ȶjəm/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tr[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'um/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	椹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ trim ›
Old Chinese	/*tr[ə]m/
English	chopping-block
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	椹
Reading #	1/1
No.	11285
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	碪
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'um/

Definitions

椹

1. Alternative form of 砧 (“base for chopping”)

Compounds

• 椹質 / 椹质

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Yale: shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sam⁶
    • Yale: sahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²²/

Definitions

椹

1. Alternative form of 葚 (“mulberry fruit”)
2. mold or fungus grown on fallen trees

Compounds

• 蔡順分椹 / 蔡顺分椹

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01761
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03944-002#19
• “椹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

椹

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. type of cypress

Readings

• On (unclassified): ちん (chin)、じん (jin)
• Kun: あてぎ (ategi, 椹)、さわら (sawara, 椹)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
椹
さわら Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Noun

椹(さわら) or 椹(サワラ) • (sawara) ^{←さはら (safara)?}

1. sawara cypress, Chamaecyparis pisifera

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Korean

Hanja

椹 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)

1. (모탕 침): chopping block
2. (오디 심): mulberry fruit (桑實)

Synonyms

• (오디 심): 葚

Compounds

• 地椹 (지심, jisim) berry

See also

• 莓 (심, sim) berry, strawberry; moss

Vietnamese

Han character

椹: Hán Nôm readings: cụm, châm, thầm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation