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弦

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 絃
弦 U+5F26, 弦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F26
← 弥
[U+5F25] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弧 →
[U+5F27]

Translingual

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Han character

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弦 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓卜女戈 (NYVI), four-corner 10232, composition ⿰弓玄)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 357, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9754
  • Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 993, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5F26

Chinese

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trad. 弦/絃*
simp. 弦
alternative forms ⿰弓𤣥
𢎺
𢏸

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
弦 *ɡeːn
絃 *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn
舷 *ɡeːn
痃 *ɡeːn
胘 *ɡeːn, *ɡʷeːn
蚿 *ɡeːn
伭 *ɡeːn
婱 *ɡeːn
玄 *ɡʷeːn
眩 *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn
玹 *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn
玆 *ɡʷeːn
詃 *kʷeːn
泫 *ɡʷeːn
鉉 *ɡʷeːn
炫 *ɡʷeːn
袨 *ɡʷeːn
衒 *ɡʷeːn
惤 *ɡʷreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːn) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).

Pronunciation

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Note: jyun4 - variant.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 弦
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕyã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyan⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiã²⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈～子
/ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續～
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyan³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕyen²⁴/
Hefei /ɕyĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕye¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕye̞¹³/
Hohhot /ɕye³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ji³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕye⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三～
Hakka Meixian /hian¹¹/
Taoyuan /hien¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jin²¹/
Nanning /jin²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hian³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xyiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hin³¹/
/i³¹/
Rime
Character 弦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 胡田切
Baxter hen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦen/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦen/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɛn/
Li
Rong 		/ɣen/
Wang
Li 		/ɣien/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 弦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ˁi[n]/
English string of bow or instrument

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 弦
Reading # 1/1
No. 14020
Phonetic
component 		玄
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		賢
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡeːn/

Definitions

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弦

  1. string; bowstring
  2. crescent
  3. spring of a clock
  4. (music) string on a musical instrument
  5. (music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments
  6. (mathematics) chord
  7. (geometry) hypotenuse
  8. (figurative) wife
  9. a surname

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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弦

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. bowstring
  2. (geometry) chord

Readings

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  • Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: けん (ken)
  • Kun: つる (tsuru, 弦, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Coordinate terms

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
弦
げん
Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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弦(げん) • (gen) 

  1. (music) string of a stringed instrument

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
弦
つる
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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弦(つる) • (tsuru) 

  1. a bowstring
    Synonym: 弓弦
  2. (music) the string of an instrument
  3. the bow-shaped handle of a pot or teapot
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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弦 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)

  1. bowstring

Vietnamese

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Han character

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弦: Hán Nôm readings: huyền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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